Article from "Defense Order" in March 2008
 

Eagles' EYE OF FLEET
Aircraft radar picket and guidance Yak-44E

VB Abidin, the leading designer of OAO OKB named after AS Yakovlev "
 

History of creation

The development of naval radar patrol aircraft and guidance (AEW) Yak-44E is inextricably linked with the creation of domestic air-capable ships and the constant growth of the importance of information provision fighting naval aviation, especially at long distances from coastal airfields.
As is known, the formation and development of concepts of creation and operational use aircraft carriers in the USSR and then Russia in taking a very inconsistent and contradictory decisions that led to similar decisions in the formulation of technical policy and the establishment of aviation equipment for these ships. Directly witnessed the effects of such concentrated solutions we have today.
Indeed, the modern Russian aircraft carrier fleet consists of a single ship (most of the time being in repairs) and two dozen naval Su-33 (of which in the ranks - about half). But even these forces consisting of naval groups will be helpless in the absence of timely information on enemy air and surface, which, as international experience has shown the most effective way to provide only ship AEW aircraft, operating in the air group aircraft carriers.
The problem of information support groups fighting ship is solved by installing a special radio set on a different platform, as which can be seen helicopters, planes, konvertoplany, balloons, airships, unmanned aerial vehicles and ships. The most effective platforms now recognized aircraft. One of the most successful projects in this area is developed by Yakovlev Design Bureau. AS Yakovlev Yak aircraft AEW-44E. The creation of this aircraft was preceded by promising at the time aircraft carriers.
In 1968, simultaneously with the design of anti-submarine cruiser, etc. 1143 (deep processing antisubmarine cruiser project 1123, built two ships - the Moskva and Leningrad), in Nevsky Design Bureau (NPKB) began the study of perspective image of an aircraft carrier (Project 1160) with a catapult take-off aircraft.
First part of its aviation weapons include multi-role fighter with variable sweep-wing MiG-23A, subsonic aircraft antisubmarine warfare (ASW), P-42, ship supersonic attack aircraft with variable sweep-wing Su-24K and the deck helicopters Ka-252.
However, in 1972 there were some preliminary design aircraft carrier naval variants of the new frontline fighter Su-27. Now the carrier air group would consist of 12 Su-27K or Su-29K (one of the naval version of the Su-27), 12 Su-28K and four scouts designators Su-28KRTS, six aircraft ASW P-42, four planes P -42 to AEW variant and eight ASW helicopters Ka-252.
Subsonic aircraft ASW P-42 was designed OKB. GM Beriev according to the decision of the commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the military-industrial issues on June 5, 1971 According to the general scheme of P-42 is largely repeated the aircraft carrier-based ASW U.S. Navy S-3 Viking. He carried on the schematic of high with a wing of moderate sweep, a classic trapezoidal fins with rudders and elevators and two TRDTS D-36 in nacelles under the wing.
The plane was taking off from the ship's catapults, and the construction of its airframe and landing gear were calculated for the landing on the deck with inhibition of the arresting gear hook landing.To save storage space on the deck and the hangar aircraft carrier wing, and keel P-42 evolved.
In addition to the basic version of ASW has been planned development options tanker, deck AEW aircraft, search and rescue, transport, etc. The development of preliminary design aircraft P-42 was completed in 1972, while flight testing the first prototype aircraft were to begin in 1976
The first was given the development of aircraft P-42 PLO, and the creation of variants of P-42 AEW delayed. However, the ship's fighter air group pr.1160 could not effectively ensure the ship's air defense compounds, which is the main task of the Soviet aircraft carrier, because the management of their fighting was not the ship's aircraft AEW.
On the base of NPKB elaborations on aircraft carriers in the spring of 1976, the Government adopted a decision on the design in 1976-1977, and construction by 1985, two nuclear aircraft carriers Project 1153, which in concept is not much different from the others in 1160, but their air group decreased from 60-70 to 50 aircraft.
In November 1977, from the construction of the heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers (TAKR) project in 1153 was rejected and the building next TAKR Project 1143, beginning with the fifth, have decided to hold the light based on them not only VTOL Yak-141 and Ka-252, but the aircraft catapult take-off of the Su-27K and Su-25K.
Prepared for the November 1980 refined tactical-technical task to develop the project TAKR 1143.5 provided for a vehicle with a displacement of 55,000 tons of air group of 46 aircraft (Yak-141, Su-27K, MiG-29K and AEW aircraft Yak-44E, Ka- 27 and Ka-27PS).
However, it has not been approved, and in April 1981 came the decision to upgrade the second project under construction TAKR 1143.4 in the direction of increasing its air group of up to 40 aircraft and include more members (other than the Yak-141 and helicopters) Sukhoi Su-27K and MiG-29K to take off into the bow of the flight deck planned to build a springboard.
To inform ships of carrier groups, as well as managing the fighting shipboard fighter in the staffing of the aircraft carrier air group craft project 1143.4 are included AEW turboprop aircraft Yak-44E with storage on the upper deck. The development of aircraft Yak-44E was given EDB ASYakovlev in 1979 In the future, based AEW aircraft intended to create, and other modifications, including, ASW aircraft.
By November 1979 the OKB AS Yakovlev has prepared a technical proposal for the AEW aircraft Yak-44E with basing on the ground and land on aircraft carriers (take off from a springboard, landing on the arrester). It considered two alternative radio engineering complex (RTC): "Torch" (with vnutrifyuzelyazhnyh deployment of radar antennas - one in the forward fuselage and the second - in the tail) and E-700 (with antenna Surveillance radar in a rotating radome on the fuselage).
In March 1980, the bureau held a meeting MIC deputy chairman of USSR, NS Stroyev, Navy Commander SG Gorshkov, Commander of Air Force PS Kutahova, Minister of Aviation, VAKazakova and Minister of Radio PS Pleshakova, which was discussed by the technical proposal EDO. The Meeting approved the version of the aircraft with the RTC "Torch".
Initially, the scheme Yak-44E consisted of a combination power plant of two cruise theater under the wing and four lift turbojets in the fuselage. Hoisting engines were used only for takeoff and landing to reduce the separation speed of the aircraft from the deck of his ship and approach for landing.
Estimated length of runway on takeoff of Yak-44E-jumping was 150-200 m, the estimated cruising speed - 450 km / h and the duration of patrols - about 5 hours RTK aircraft was to detect enemy planes in the air at a distance of 150-200 km from the ship and ship them direct to the fighters. Detection range of surface targets was more than 300 km. The aircraft crew consisted of three people.
However, installation in the fuselage of the Yak-44E four lift engines (PD) and the considerable needs fuel supplies hampered the layout of RTK systems on the aircraft. Many
problems arose and the developers RTC "Torch", which led to delays, and then to the end of March 1983, work on this complex and serious slow down the development of aircraft Yak-44E as a whole.
In the same period, from 1982, OK Antonov Design Bureau based on tactical military transport aircraft An-72 AEW been developing aircraft An-71 for the Air Force. Therefore, to overcome the difficult situation created in March 1983 decided to develop an alternative project naval AEW aircraft An-71 K by the Antonov Design Bureau OK. At a basic airplane AN-72 to increase the lift of the wing and landing characteristics of both turbojet sustainer D-436K him the power plant were located over the wing, providing air cooling the top surface of mechanization.
To increase the thrust-weight ratio aircraft An-71 is additionally equipped with a booster turbojet engine RD-38A. Deck the AN-71 K, intended to equip three booster turbojet engine RD-38A.Radar antenna RTK E-700 was placed in a mushroom on top of the keel fairing, who had a negative sweep on the front and rear edges. Avant-aircraft project has been prepared by the autumn of 1984 found that the geometric dimensions and take-off weight does not allow to place An-71 K on TAKR, and further development of the An-71 to stop.
In this regard, with the October 1984 OKB AS Yakovlev continued work on the Yak-44E on the basis of new construction-assembly scheme in which no PD, and the high take-off thrust-weight ratio and airflow of the upper surface of the wing to increase its lift engines were provided turbovintoventilyatornymi (TVVD) D-27 (at the present time, these engines are used Propulsion of a new Russian-Ukrainian military transport aircraft An-70). A new variant of the Yak-44E was fitted with RTK E-700 with an antenna radar mushroom fairing above the fuselage, as on the U.S. deck aircraft E-2C "Hawkeye".
Yak-44E had a couple of big dimensions than the aircraft catapult take-off with the same performance indicators, but it is good enough fit for flight and hangar deck of the ship and did not require a significant (in terms of efficiency of the entire naval air group), reducing the number of fighters.
On the other hand, it must be recognized and positive as a springboard takeoff - a relatively high reliability of the device during take-off injuries and failures, particularly characteristic of the Russian Navy's northern latitudes.
In December 1985, was launched on the "Order 105" (TAKR "Tbilisi", and since 1990 - TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov"), began construction of the second similar ship "order 106" (TAKR Riga, and from 1990 TAKR Varyag). It was assumed that these ships will be based to 3-4 AEW aircraft Yak-44E.
November 25, 1988 was laid atomic TAKR Project 1143.7 ("Order 107", received in the tab called "Ulyanovsk") from a springboard and catapult take-off aircraft. On board the "Ulyanovsk" had placed an increased fleet of naval aircraft, including 6 aircraft AEW.
In September 1988, was prepared preliminary design of a new version of the Yak-44E. As a result of its review in January 1989 and the Resolution of the CC CPSU and USSR Council of Ministers on the establishment of multipurpose aircraft Yak-44E AEW with RTK E-700, equipped with two TVVD D-27 (take-off power of 14,000 hp) and develop on its basis other modifications of the ship and airfield home. The construction of prototype Yak-44E and its serial production was instructed Tashkent Aircraft Production Association. VP Chkalov (TAPOiCH).It was planned that the Yak-44E will continue to be delivered and in the Air Force.
Since June 1989, the OKB AS Yakovlev began detailed engineering and preparation of prototypes built Yak-44E. Was made a full-size construction-engineering mock-up aircraft and its model in 1:5 scale for radio research.
For flight tests TVVD D-27 and Yak-44E was to become the world's first aircraft with this type of power plant, was established flying laboratory Yak-42LL. In the years 1988-91. TsAGI were carried out research on the dynamics of a deck of Yak-44 RLD and safety during take-off with the springboard.
For its part, LII has successfully conducted a test on the ground complex in Saki unique experiment management preplant maneuvering and landing a group of three aircraft - two MiG-29 and one AN-24 (simulator Yak-44E) - offering approach with ramp. In January 1990, the defense of sketch-technical design and layout of aircraft Yak-44E. On the main technical characteristics it is substantially superior to the last modification of the world's only shipboard aircraft AWACS E-2C "Hawkeye" to catapult takeoff. In the same year began the construction of the first flight of the sample. Cabin and the middle part of the fuselage were manufactured Pilot Production Design Bureau. AS Yakovlev, the radome was built in conjunction with the Ulyanovsk Aviation Industrial Association, and the wing - in Ulan-Ude.
At the same time the commission to review the draft of Yak-44E requested OKB. ASYakovlev's collaboration with other organizations to assess the possibility of transporting the aircraft on the flight deck and hangar, as well as the terms of its accommodation and service at TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov". This is usually used a simplified model of dimensionally-weight aircraft. Such models Yak-141, MiG-29K and Su-27K, were working off the ship in 1987 in this case, to expedite work on the Yak-44E, as the overall layout of the weight-decided to use a modified design-engineering mock-up aircraft .
In August, the Yakovlev Design Bureau. AS Yakovlev was completed revision of the layout.Then it was disassembled, loaded on a barge, transported by river routes in the Black Sea on board the cruiser, was tested in the area of ​​Sevastopol, where it was reassembled.
By this time TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" has already passed the state tests, has been enlisted in the Northern Fleet and are ready to continue to Severomorsk, fulfills coursework tasks. At the same time in September to schedule TAKR on state tests of the Su-27K, MiG-29K and Ka-31.
Therefore, assessment of the performance of aircraft Yak-44E at basing on board TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" took place in a short time during the first half of September. Tested the possibility of towing and mooring of aircraft on the flight deck and hangar, rolling on the platform lift and the lift on the flight deck, descent into the hangar and set in position, the pairing is an aircraft with a post of technical support in the hangar and on the deck.
After completion of all work on the program comprehensive team of staff OKB. AS Yakovlev, the Nevsky PKB, the plant "Universal" and the Black Sea Shipyard, as well as representatives of the Air Force and Navy, immediately changed the team EDO PO Dry, AI Mikoyan and NIKamov. Layout Yak-44E made the return journey to Moscow, was assembled and installed in the assembly shop Yakovlev.
In the autumn of 1991 was successfully defended the draft version of the aircraft the airfield with a lot more time loitering and improved performance RTK.
Almost simultaneously with work on the AEW aircraft Yak-44E began his study of ASW variant of the Yak-44 PLO, ending in preliminary design. One might expect that the efficiency of this aircraft will be matched to the tactical and technical requirements and will organize a reliable defense against attack submarines armed with RCC type "Tomahawk".
However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, due to cuts in funding further work on the Yak-44E has slowed, and in 1992, after the cessation of construction TAKR "Ulyanovsk", were stopped at the stage of building prototypes for flight testing.
Leaders create AEW aircraft Yak-44E at different times, AS Yakovlev, AA Lewinsky, SAYakovlev, and AN Dondukov. Since January 1991 the head of the theme was the chief designer, VA Mit'kin.
Technical description and basic characteristics

AEW aircraft Yak-44E is one of the key information and intelligence of aircraft carriers and is a remote radar post, combined with an airborne command and Air Controllers. Yak-44E provides control of air, ground and sea space, warning troops about the actions of the enemy aircraft and guidance on detection of air, ground and surface targets.

Power plant

The power plant consists of two aircraft TVVD D-27, developed Zaporozhye Machine-Building Design Bureau (Design Office) Progress and its characteristics are not unique in global aviation engines. Both are key elements TVVD defining its high level of technology-propfans and gearbox - are produced in Russia (Moscow and Stupino HPA, WFP "Salute").
Propfans - is heavily high-speed supersonic propeller with wide scimitar-shaped blades. The main advantage of such a screw - high efficiency at high transonic flight speeds comparable to the efficiency conventional propeller at an average speed of flight.
Attempts to create a supersonic propellers have been made since the late 1940's. But came up against the impossibility of making saber blades required strength. Only in the 1970-1980. with the advent of composite materials, this problem has been solved, and a number of leading engine-building companies in the world has begun to develop new supersonic propellers - propfans and TVVD as a whole. However, to complete the work - and to shine! - Succeeded only in the Soviet Zaporozhye Machine-Building Design Bureau (Design Office) "Progress" and Stupino KBM (SKBM).
The choice of engine for this type of aircraft Yak-44E due to the fact that at sufficiently high subsonic cruising speed it has a much better efficiency than current turbofan engines. In addition, as an analogue of turboprop engine at takeoff, it provides better traction characteristics and thrust-weight ratio that is sufficient for takeoff from the springboard TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov", and also increase wing lift by blowing the surface.
These qualities are also important because based on the Yak-44E was supposed to create a whole family of aircraft and airfield-based deck with different optimal cruising speeds, and over the entire range of engine speeds D-27 has advantages over turbojet and theater.
The first tests of the gas generator D-27 conducted in 1988 and in 1990 it passed a set of studies on the flying laboratory IL-76LL in LII.
The D-27 has a two-stage compressor, a high-temperature combustion chamber with a uniform temperature field at the turbine inlet, three-shaft turbine with a system of active control of radial clearances, the extensive use of spatial profiling blading, and working single-crystal blades, single compact differential gear with built-in meter rods, double row propfans CB-27, an electronic management system such as FADEC.
Propfans CB-27 is designed and manufactured SKBM (now JSC "Scientific-Production Enterprise" Aerosila "). He double-row, with the opposite direction of rotation of the series of blades, feathered-reversible, auto, coaxial, equipped with electric-protivoobledeni to the system blade and shield. The blades are made of composite materials.
Reducer TVVD D-27 developed the Progress Design Office and made Moscow Machine Building Production Enterprise (MMPP) Salyut. 
Avionics

Avionics aircraft represents a set of functionally related information and management information systems, digital computing, control systems and displays. Basic information exchange between systems is carried on the multiplex channels of information exchange.
The flight-navigation system provides continuous automatic determination of the current position according to the inertial correction filed with radio equipment near, far and satellite navigation, the formation and display of flight and navigation information on the status of aircraft systems and the parameters of the power plant on the CRT displays.
Integrated control system provides automatic navigation in the horizontal and vertical planes of the programmed route, the automatic approach for digital terrestrial (deck) radio equipment landing, the stabilization of the given values ​​of height, speed, heading, roll, pitch.
Meteonavigatsionnaya radar provides an indication of information on lightning meteoobrazovaniyah and issue recommendations on the best of their overflight.
On-board automated control system provides control of health and condition of systems and equipment in flight, documenting test results and send them over the telemetry channels for ground-based stations, control aircraft operating restrictions, troubleshooting, forecasting technical condition, the account balance of resource systems and equipment.
The aircraft wire control system (CDS) is an integrated analog-digital control system aircraft and mechanized wing with autonomous steering drive for a flight at different alignment plane, associated with different options for equipment and refueling.
The fuselage of a large diameter to freely accommodate the equipment and operators, guidance, and provides the crew comfortable conditions for work and leisure. In addition to working cab guidance was provided a compartment for rest of one man, a bathroom and a buffet. This allowed us to maintain a long flight crew performance at high level.
On this occasion, in his book "Aircraft of the Russian Navy and the scientific and technical progress", published by scientists GosNII-IAS is an interesting fact. It turns out that after the Soviet Union in the project AEW aircraft Yak-44E in the U.S. were carried out elaboration, providing a significant increase in flight time of the American analogue of the Yak-44 E - Aircraft E-2C "Hawkeye".
Technically, this problem is easily solved - by plane to place two external fuel tank. However, these project elaboration were stopped: in the cockpit "Hawkeye", who had a much smaller diameter of the fuselage, to ensure the efficiency of the crew during a flight time seems not to be identified.
To study and the subsequent decision of some problems in designing aircraft TVVD (acoustic and vibration loads, level and noise spectrum in the workplace of the crew and operators, and others), based on the Yak-42 number 525 was a flying laboratory designed Yak-42E -LL, equipped with a side TVVD D-236 (an experimental analogue TVVD D-27 of smaller dimension).
This work was important and is being developed in the same period in the Yakovlev Design Bureau. AS Yakovlev project passenger Yak-46 with two TVVD D-27 (albeit with pushing propfans).
TVVD D-236 had a two-row pull propfans CB-36 (similar propfans CB-27, but smaller diameter) diameter of 4.2 m. The number of blades of the front row - 8, Rear - 6. Takeoff power TVVD D-236 was about 12000 hp, equivalent to traction-10,5-11,0 m.
TVVD placed on special right pylon aircraft Yak-42E-LL instead of one of three staff of D-36.Since the take-off thrust D-36 was less than takeoff thrust D-236 to avoid an unacceptable unfolding moment regimes TVVD limited.
The development of aircraft Yak-42E-LL began in 1987, and by the end of the year was released design documentation. Ground testing the aircraft (the race engine D-236, taxiing to measuring the vibration and acoustic characteristics), started in 1990 and the first flight took place on March 15, 1991 In June of that year, the Yak-42E-LL was demonstrated at Air Show in Le Bourget.
The plane was created in the complex, whose development has been focused for 60 years. Was developed six versions of its use, including and the option to control land and air borders of Russia, which has already been negotiated with the leaders of the Federal Border Service. The aircraft was registered in the work plan bureau until 1994, and the only thing that hampered the further development of the Yak-44 - the lack of funding.
In September 1995, prior to the MAKS-95, many media have reported about the upcoming public demonstration of the latest developments in Russia, including and Yak-44E. However, the Russian Defense Ministry, as the press wrote, considered a demonstration of the aircraft with the pledged its unique potential is clearly premature. The possibility of its exports due to high costs (investment) on R & D seemed to them while some questionable.
It should be noted that part of the problem shipborne AEW aircraft could decide (and then was forced to do so) the ship's helicopter, Ka-252RLD (K-31), established on the basis of ship transport and combat of the first Ka-252TB (K-29). However, its capabilities have been severely limited. Characteristics of its RTC to the detection range and the number of tracked targets did not go to any comparison with the characteristics of RTC Yak-44E, and on key flight-technical characteristics of the Kim (cruising speed, time on duty at a given distance) helicopters are always much losing aircraft.
It has long been known that the effective application of naval destroyers can be achieved only if there is on board TAKR AEW aircraft. Unfortunately, in 1992, the Ministry of Defense was made more clearly short-sighted decision and funding the development of aircraft Yak-44E has been stopped. This decision is not reconsidered. Although TAKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" continues to serve, and seemingly planned construction of new aircraft carriers.
Despite the fact that since the cessation of work on the aircraft Yak-44E has been more than 15 years, he has not lost its relevance and is the only aircraft in the world AEW, are able to effectively operate with aircraft carriers, equipped takeoff ramps.
High takeoff and landing characteristics of aircraft Yak-44E and its variants (ship and anti-submarine base, a military transport, maritime patrol, fire, rescue, etc.) are also important for appropriate action from coastal airfields with short or damaged runways, especially in regions with undeveloped airfield network. Therefore, by objective measures of AEW aircraft Yak-44E and its variants are still quite competitive in its class, both domestic and foreign markets.


The main characteristics of the Yak-44E and its RTC

Geometric characteristics
Wingspan, m 07.25
Aircraft length, m 20.5
Height, m ​​5.8
Dimensions folded wing and lowered nose cone radar m 20.5x12.5x5.7
Wing area, m2 88.0
Fuselage diameter, 2.7 m
Diameter radome radar, 7.3 m

Crew
Pilots, man. 2
Calculation operators RTC, pers. 4

Power plant
The type and number of engines 2hTVVD D-27
Takeoff power / cruising power, hp 2x14000 / 6750

Weight without propfan, kg 1650

Specific fuel consumption at cruising kg fuel / e.l.s.ch 0.17
Specific fuel consumption at cruising kg fuel / e.l.s.ch 0.13 - 0.143
Propfan diameter, 4.5 m
Number of blades propfan 8 +6

Length 4198 mm

Propeller feathered-reversible, drawing, hydromechanical, coaxial propfans CB-27 with hydromechanical controller PCB-27 is designed for installation in conjunction with the engine D-27 power 13500 hp on the transport plane An-70 (and Yak-44) operated at a cruising speed of 750 km / hour at altitudes up to 12,000 meters.
Blowout propfans wing aircraft provides a unique lift coefficient that can take off and land on shorter band (1000 m). Propfans has no analogues in the world and provides a fuel savings of up to 30% compared to the turbojet. 
Shirokohordnye, saber blades propfan made of modern polymer composite materials and equipped with electrothermal anti-icing protection. The design allows for mounting the blades replacement blades directly in the operation. Hydromechanical control RSV-27 in conjunction with an electronic regulator provides pitch control propfan, restructuring and automatic maintenance of preset speed to the electron channel with an accuracy of ± 0,5%, on a backup hydromechanical channel ± 0,2%.

Maximum speed, rpm 1200

Power Take-off 13,400 HP 
Weight 1100 kg
Home thrust, kg 12,150

Air flow 27.4 kg / s
Cruise CAP 0.9 

Mass Properties
Maximum Takeoff Weight, kg 40000
Fuel capacity, kg 10500
Specific load on the wing, 455 kg/m2

Flight performance
Maximum speed, km / h 740
Cruising speed Maximum, km / h 700
Landing speed, km / h 185
Service ceiling, m 13,000
Speed ​​patrols km / h 500-650
Height patrol, m 3000-11000
Ferry range, km> 4000
The length of the runway. m <1350
The duration of patrols in the area at altitudes 0,2-11 km and 300 km distance. h 3.6-6,5

Radio Engineering Complex E-700
Waveband in
The average output power. kW 5
Detection range, km: 

aerial targets (RCS = 3 m2) 250 
cruise missiles, AGM-86 ALCM 220 
cruise missiles, AGM-84 Harpoon 165 

Detection range of maritime targets, such as "destroyer" to the radio horizon
Altitude range detection and tracking of air targets, 5-30000 meters
Velocity range of detected air targets, km / h 40-3500
Number of simultaneously tracked targets 150 on the background of 1500
Rms error in determining at a distance of 200 km, km: 
plane coordinates no more than 2 
height of not more than 1,5 

The accuracy of direction finding single producer of active interference, not more than 20 minutes
Number of targets induced by 40 fighters
Number of jobs of operators 4
National identification purposes is provided
Electronic intelligence station is provided
Work on the land ensured
Working in a jamming Provides
Compensation effect of the blades propfans engines is provided
Number of stations:

VHF-UHF 7 
KB range 1 
Satellite 1 

Automatic monitoring and diagnosis equipment is provided