Multi-purpose fighter

Lockheed Martin F- 1 6 BLOCK 60 "DESERT FALCON"

Vladimir Ilyin, Aerospace, № 1 2002.

The prototype aircraft of F-16 Falcon, "Experimental demonstration YF-16 first flew on February 2, 1974, and in March 2000, was built by 4000-d fighter of this type. Program production of "Falcon", the most massive in the world fourth-generation fighter, as a kind of "Red Banner" for many years was the main feeder companies General Dynamics, Lockheed, and Lockheed Martin.
Despite his advanced age, F-16 continues to evolve rapidly, remaining in a "cage" the best fighter in the world. Created as a relatively simple day fighter gaining dominance in the air (somewhat belated American response to the MiG-21), it eventually evolved into a multi-purpose all-weather aerial system capable of solving the problem of shock. Although the aircraft F-16C / D and can not be compared with the prospective multi fifth generation fighter aircraft Lockheed Martin F-35 on such an important criterion, as radar visibility, it is comparable to the best American and foreign counterparts on the main flight characteristics and technical level of the onboard systems, while remaining the cheapest of the serial fourth-generation fighter.
Obviously, even after admission to the 2010-ies on the world aviation market the F-35, F-16 aircraft will be in demand. According to vice president of Lockheed Martin R. Triquet (Robert Trice), F-16 will retain a strong position in the global aviation market, as the "construction of his glider does not get old."
The last modification of aircraft, mainly oriented for export, is a multi-purpose fighter F-16C / D Block 60 (formerly bore the name "Viper" 2100, and later - "Desert Falcon"). It is designed primarily to attack with precision weapons against ground targets, regardless of time of day and weather, in the face of fierce opposition from enemy air defenses. F-16C / D Block 60's further development "night" multipurpose fighter F-16C Block 40, established in 1988 and equipped with a navigation-sighting system of container LANTIRN, as well as a wide-angle indicator on the windshield (HUD) with holographic optics.
The aircraft was developed under the requirements of the Air Force United Arab Emirates, for the establishment of multipurpose combat aircraft with advanced shock features. F-16C / D Block 60 is capable of solving problems drums at an increased radius of action at any time, including in difficult weather conditions. Compared with the original machine (F-16C / D Block 40) aircraft equipped with new avionics, electronic warfare means, a system of automated control, information control field cabins, on-board information complex, propulsion systems, as well as logistical support, training and maintenance professional skills of staff.
F-16C / D Block 60 (or rather, his project) won in a rather tense and dramatic "competition held in UAE in May 1998, over fighters Aviación Dassault Rafale and the Eurofighter EF2000" Typhoon ". Hard to say what prompted the Arabs choose this aircraft is not able to fully satisfy the requirements of their Air Force to the multipurpose fighter. May have said relatively low (compared to European competitors) cost, but most likely "decisive victory" has become a tough lobbying "deal of the century" through the U.S. Department of State.
Negotiate a contract for the sale of aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 continued until March 2000 in June of that year signed a formal agreement that provides for delivery of the UAE Air Force 80 Fighter F-16C / D Block 60 (55 in single and 25 - in a double variants). Contract with the United States (total cost of $ 6.43 billion) will deliver both the aircraft and training pilots and ground staff of Air Force United Arab Emirates.
It is assumed that the first flight of F-16C Block 60 (a variant of "standard 0", meets the requirements for flight demonstration aircraft) will be held in late 2003, the end of 2004 to begin tests of the airplane in the form of "standard 1" provides the minimum the possibility of solving military tasks. At the end of 2004, is scheduled to begin testing F-16C / D "standard 2" and in the first quarter of 2006, the test should leave the plane in variant F-16C / D "Standard 3", fully meeting the requirements of the customer. Deliveries of the UAE Air Force fighter aircraft production is expected to begin in 2005 and be completed in mid-2007 (probably lapping aircraft F-16C / D "Standard 2" to a "standard 3" will be implemented already in the UAE).
Upgraded aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 has increased from 21,770 (F-16C Block 50) to 23,130 kg maximum takeoff weight. Empty weight increased from 8700 to 9300 kg. while maintaining the same wing area, which could not be reflected (certainly in the negative direction) on the maneuverability of the machine. However, the inheritance of F-16C / D Block 60 - is not maneuverable short-range air combat. According to company representatives, the new fighter has twice as better scores on the criterion of "range / combat load" than the F-16 aircraft Block 40 and 50. This is due, in particular the application of conformal fuel tanks, which allowed when performing a series of missions to renounce the use of external fuel tanks.
On the topic of conformal (overhead) tanks should stay apart. Two such tanks installed on the sides of the upper part of the fuselage, are the main external elements that distinguishes the "Desert Falcon" from the machines of previous versions.
Overhead fuel tanks for F-16 fighter was designed by Lockheed in 1994, yet they were initially designed for installation on the F-16 fighter which were offered Israeli Air Force. However, Israelis have preferred if the Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) F-15 I "Eagle" (variant F-15E).Developments on the tanks were in demand a few years when the United Arab Emirates Air Force needed a new strike aircraft, capable of solving operational problems in theater, which in turn implies a combat radius of about 1500 km.
Tanks have been tested in flight in 1999, differ somewhat from the options offered by the Israelis.They are lighter, better agreement with the aerodynamics of the aircraft, have a lower radar visibility, more practically feasible to manufacture and quickly mounted on an aircraft.
As a result, the maximum total mass of fuel single-seater F-16C Block 60 was 9070 kg: 3080 kg in the fuselage and wing tanks, 1,360 kg - in the conformal tanks, 3,700 kg in two underwing external fuel tanks (drop tanks) and 930 kg in the central ventral PTB . This is 85% more than the F-16 aircraft the previous versions. As a result, F-16C / D Block 60 can deliver the same distance twice the payload than its predecessors.
Conformal fuel tanks made of aluminum alloys are made easily removable. After dismantling the aircraft F-16C / B Block 60 retains all the characteristics of fighter aircraft F-16C / B Block 50 (in particular - the ability to maneuver with a ninefold overloading).
However, the main "highlight" of the modernized machines are no additional fuel tanks, and a radically new avionics, corresponding, according to experts, the level of fifth generation fighter aircraft avionics. The composition of the upgraded avionics fighters included Northrop Grumman AN/APG-80 radar with active phased array antenna (APAA, or in accordance with English-language acronym, AESA), able to work both by air and ground targets. The station also provides the possibility of low-level flight in automatic mode following the terrain.
Compared with radar AN/APG-68 (V) 7 installed on the aircraft F-16C / D Block 50, the new station has more than twice the range of detection and capture of aerial targets, and also provides an "extremely high" resolution mode synthesis aperture. Multifunction Radar AN/APG-80 can detect aerial target type "fighter" at ranges up to 130 ... 150 km (for comparison, radar AN/APG-68, installed on the F-16C Block 50/52, it can detect the same objective at a distance of only 60 km away).
To reduce radar visibility for sight aircraft ground radar antenna should be installed at an angle to the vertical plane with a mirror, oriented upward. Station of the same type, differing only in size AFAR, is also expected to be installed on the aircraft F/A-18E/F (in the course of modernization) and the JSF. Such AFAR, is not currently available analogues in the world (for the MiG-31, Su-MCRA and the Rafale installed less committed to the phased array radar is a passive type), used in radar by Northrop Grumman / Raytheon AN/APG-77 fighter Lockheed Martin F-22A. Level of resolution radar (1x1 m at a distance of several tens of kilometers) provides a searchable catalog of small surface targets and target aircraft guided aerial bombs with JDAM-type inertial-satellite-guided. Flight tests AN/APG-80 radar on the aircraft flying laboratory began in 1999, AFAR has required use of a significant increase system capacity and cooling. As a result, the fighter received a two-channel control system of liquid-cooled receiving-transmitting modules radar. Application of AFAR and the failure resulted from installing PA on radio waves nose radome.
Optoelectronic complex ITTS (Internal FLIR Targeting System) is available in two modules (one built-in and other containers). Wide-gyro stabilized thermal imaging sensor that is used to navigate and search for ground targets, located in the top module in the forward fuselage in front of deflector canopy (similar to Coles MiG-29 and Su-27). He has two degrees of magnification (2x and 9x).
Impact sensor AN/AAQ-32 IFITS (diameter of the optical system 280 mm), coupled with thermal imaging unit, which used third-generation thermal imager, placed in a hanging container under the left "lip" air intake. Both sensors operate in the mid-IR. Video information from them can be displayed both at HUD and in the helmet-mounted sight indicator. According to representatives of the firm Lockheed Martin, a new set of infrared sensors is compared with the system Lant I RN (applied on the aircraft F-16C / D Block 40) is less wind resistance and allows the fighter to maneuver with the congestion up to 9 units, available aircraft, equipped with LANTIRN.
The aircraft to be equipped with completely new set of defensive electronic countermeasures SPS (Self-Protection Suite), include built equipment staging jamming and passive radar reconnaissance system, allowing not only to capture and classify threats, but also to determine with high accuracy the direction to enemy radars, and range up to her.
In November 2000.G. UAE Air Force chose Northrop Grumman a firm as a supplier to aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 complex electronic countermeasures. Built-in electronic warfare equipment provides both "traditional" warning of approaching enemy missiles, and conducting electronic surveillance, the definition of types of enemy radar, as well as the issuance of targeting anti-radar missiles such as AGM-88 HARM.
According to representatives of the firm Lockheed Martin, a complex ECM is capable of tracking "all possible threats" to the aircraft. It consists of a central digital processor, built-in setting jamming and towed decoy associated with the carrier aircraft fiber optic cable. In addition, the fighter has 14 blocks with IR by traps placed on the fuselage and underwing pylons.
Information-control field cockpit (pilots), "Desert Falcon", corresponding to the level of the fifth generation is performed using three-color LCD multifunction displays the format 125x175 mm.Displays provide the ability to mix images. They may receive the digital moving map of the area coated with her background tactical situation or information from the radar operating in synthetic aperture mode with high resolution. System following the terrain interfaces with digital geographic information system and the prevention of collisions with the Earth and providing the safe maneuvering at low altitudes.
Other elements of information-control field are wide-fighter cockpit display on the windshield (HUD), as well as a new multifunctional control panel, located directly under the HUD. Cab display compatible with night vision goggles.
The rear cockpit two-seater F-16D Block 60 is almost completely similar to the front cockpit of a fighter.
The aircraft is equipped with a new fully digital four-FBWCS (on the plane F-16C / D Block 40 is used an analog-digital FBWCS).
The open architecture "board" the fighter will be able to use almost all high-precision tactical air attack Western production. In

Compared with the F-16 Block 50 Block 60 new version is able to carry twice the payload a greater distance, in particular, it can carry tactical inconspicuous cruise missiles AGM-158 JASSM, SD air-surface AGM-65 "Meyvrik and AGM-88 YARM, managed planning bombs AGM-152 JSOW, JDAM, and KAB "Peyvuey AND / R, missiles air-air medium-range AIM-120, SD melee AIM-9M, AIM-9X and" Python " as well as other both existing and prospective weapons of American, European and Israeli production.
A radically new system of training of ground staff and maintenance of aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 provides for the use of mini-computers (such as "laptop"), as well as computer systems testing avionics and power plant. Applied and a new computerized system for the flying mission, made on the basis of PC-compatible computer.
Maintaining the specified flight characteristics at increased flight weight of the aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 is expected to provide for the installation of more powerful engine options Pratt Whitney F100-PW-229 or General Electric F110-GE-129 with a thrust of the order of 14,500 kg. In the future, aircraft F-16C / D Block 60 may be used and refined engine, are studied in the framework of F110-GE-129EFE (Enhanced Fighter Engine - an advanced engine for a fighter) by General Electric. He should have thrust the order of 15,400 kg with the possibility of further boosting up to 16,300 kgs.
As a result, implement improvements in the upgraded F-16 aircraft is taking on new opportunities, closely approximating it to a promising fifth-generation fighter and a number of advantages over such aircraft generation "4 +" as "Rafale", EF2000 "Typhoon" or the MiG-29SMT.
As stated above, the first buyer "Desert Falcon" will be the United Arab Emirates. Air Force of this country who are interested in the regional strategic aircraft, capable of "get" the capital of the nearest neighbors, acquire new fighter jets in 2005-2007.
The Israeli Government is considering buying 60 double planes of type "advanced F-16 I ", close to the fighter F-16D Block 60. Interest in new aircraft exhibits and Norway. It is assumed that the individual elements of F-16C / D Block 60 can be implemented, and the American fighter F-16C / D in the course of the next stage of their modernization.

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Article from the book "Modern fighters" in 1994,

MA Levin, VE Ilyin

F-16 Fighting Falcon "
Multi-role fighter

The most common of the foreign jet fighters of the fourth-generation F-16 is the basis of the Air Force many of the 19 countries buy it. The main customer - the U.S. Air Force - continues to purchase this type of aircraft, despite significant budget cuts in the early 1990's and F-16 has more than a decade will remain the most popular American fighter jet.
For preliminary studies of a new fighter FX firm General Dynamics (at the beginning of 1993, the company General Dynamics - the developer of the F-16 - sold its branch company Lockheed Aircraft) began in 1968 One of the lessons of the Vietnam War was that heavy fighters such as F-4 is often inferior to easy maneuverability in combat aircraft MiG-17, MiG-19 and MiG-21. It was therefore decided to create a cheap small-sized self-molet high
maneuverability in the range of numbers M = 0,8-1,6. Test models in ADT began in 1971, and in January 1972 the U.S. Air Force sent a nine firms request for proposals for the development of experimental lung maneuverable fighter LWF (light Weight Fighter) with a high thrust-weight ratio, a simple electronic equipment and a maximum takeoff weight of about 9 tons February 28, 1972 five firms (General Dynamics, Northrop, Boeing, LTV, and Lockheed) have submitted their proposals. 13 April this year, with companies General Dynamics and Northrop were awarded contracts to design, build and test for each of the two prototypes by General Dynamics and Northrop 401 R.600, received in December 1972 refer to the customer's YF-16 and YF-17.During the design firm General Dynamics completed the test in ADT of more than 1200 h and investigated more than 50 configurations of the aircraft.
In the four years preceding the selection of the project 401, the configuration investigated the aircraft has changed significantly. In 1968 he studied aircraft almost straight-wing and air intake with a central conical body. Further studies were carried out to optimize air intake at high angles of attack, reducing the weight of the aircraft and the level of baftinga when performing maneuvers with large overloads. As a result, was designed layout with a smooth articulation of the wing and fuselage sweep increased, which has a short ventral air intake channel for supplying air to the engine. We investigated the double-motor arrangement, from which it was decided to withdraw because of an increase in its use of the initial mass combat aircraft (with full internal fuel capacity and dumped suspended fuel tanks) by 20%, increasing complexity and cost of the aircraft. Also have been used originally estimated dvuhkilevoe feathering and reversing engine thrust device.
The first flight of the first YF-16 aircraft took place on February 2, 1974, the second - May 9, 1974 During the evaluation of competitive tests between February and December 1974 YF-16 aircraft carried out 330 operations a total of 417 hours, including 13 h 15 min at supersonic speeds. January 13, 1975 was declared the choice of the Air Force YF-16 aircraft as the basis for the development of a fighter combat air ACF (Air Combat Fighter). The choice of YF-16 was due to its lower cost, better performance, using the same as the fighter F-15 engine (F100) and a smaller, estimated time of preparation for serial production. Ignored and no front work at the plant firm General Dynamics in Fort Worth, while the firm Northrop was sufficiently loaded with orders.
Unlike the YF-16 F-16 aircraft was supposed to be versatile and be used not only for air superiority, but to attack ground targets. The first preproduction F-16A first flew on 8 December 1976, the first production - August 7, 1978, the beginning of revenue for service - January 6, 1979, achieving initial operational capability first aircraft - October 1980 (the same year the aircraft was given the name "Fighting Falcon"). Initially, the U.S. Air Force assumed to buy 650 planes, then their number was increased to 1388, then until 2729, but subsequently reduced and the plans of the mid-1992 amounted to 2,203 aircraft. F-16 U.S. Air Force stationed not only in the U.S. but also in other countries: South Korea, Germany and Japan.
June 7, 1975 was declared the choice of F-16 aircraft with four western European NATO countries (Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and Norway) to replace the F-104. Initial Contract of the Century "provided the order 348 planes, then their number was increased to 517. Later F-16 aircraft were ordered as Israel (210), Egypt (174), Pakistan (111), Turkey (240), South Korea (160), Venezuela (24), Indonesia (12), Singapore (eight), Thailand (36), Bahrain (12), Greece (40), Morocco (20 aircraft from the USAF), Portugal (20), Taiwan (150) and F-16 light fighter has become a major air force in several countries. Israel, the most heavily used F-16 aircraft in combat, received the first 75 F-16A / B in 1980-81. And then another 75 F-16C / D in 1986-88. From June 1991 to the end of 1992, Israel delivered the third batch of 60 F-16 aircraft (30 F-16C and 30 F-16D, equipped with engines Fl10-100A and equipped with Israeli avionics).
By mid-1992 total (including U.S.) booked more than 3,940 aircraft, of which delivered more than 2900. F-16 is produced by General Dynamics, as well as under license by TAI (Turkey).He also produced under license from SABCA (Belgium) and Fokker (Netherlands).
Price-equipped version of the F-16C was 15.4 million dollars in the late 1980's, and the rate in 1992 reached $ 18 million

Created or explored the following options:
F-16A - Single-purpose fighter mainly for operations in the daytime. The first production version, the production for the U.S. Air Force completed in March 1985 Total U.S. Air Force 785 aircraft built in options F-16A and B, most of them in 1992 transferred from the regular Air Force to the Air Force National Guard and Air Force Reserve. Manufacturing continued to foreign customers, the end of 1988, the aircraft Party 15 OCU installed engines Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220;
F-16B - Double combat trainer version of F-16A. The first preproduction aircraft first flew on 8 August 1977, production for the U.S. Air Force terminated in March 1985;
F-16C - an advanced single multipurpose fighter. Comes with the U.S. Air Force July 19, 1984;
F-16D - Double combat trainer version of F-16C. Comes with the U.S. Air Force in September 1984;
F-16N and TF-16N - single and double versions for use as a simulated enemy aircraft in the school of fighter pilots the U.S. Navy ("Top Gun"). Planted 26 in 1987-1988.;
F-16ADF - air defense fighter for the National Guard, U.S. Air Force, replaced in this role aircraft F-106 and F-4. In this option in 1989-1992. modified 279 previously built F-16A and B;
RF-16C (F-16R) - reconnaissance version with a container system ATARS. The tests were started in 1986, the U.S. Air Force proposes to take in 1996-1997. adopted 50-60 aircraft in this version to replace the scouts RF-4C;
F/A-16 (A-16) - attack, is proposed for the U.S. Air Force. In January 1992, decided to use instead of the regular Air Force as an attack aircraft F-16C / D Party 40/42 with a container system LANTIRN. The Air Force National Guard as a shock since 1989, used F-16A with fixed cannon containers GPU-5 / A in the central ventral node;
F-16 Agile Falcon "- an improved version with a larger wing and improved aerodynamics (studied in 1987-1989., Not built)
"Falcon 21" - an option under investigation by the company on its own initiative for use in the next century;
YF-16 CCV - experimental aircraft with additional anterior ventral surfaces and active analog FBWCS (tested in 1976-1977.)
AFTI/F-16 - experimental aircraft, similar in configuration to the aircraft YF-16 CCV. Tested since 1982 with March 1988 is used for testing the impact of the complex to perform the attack operations. By November 1991 the aircraft carried about 500 flights;
F-16XL - experimental aircraft scheme "tailless" with a triangular sredneraspolozhennym wing of small aspect ratio with break edges. Tested since 1982 since 1989 is used in the ongoing NASA research of laminar flow over the wing;
NF-16D (VISTA/F-16) - Double flying laboratory with variable in-flight stability. 
In 1993, it was supposed to conduct tests of an axisymmetric rotating nozzle.
In addition, based on the F-16 in Japan since 1987, creates a fighter-bomber, FS-X (SX-3).
Aircraft F-16A / B produced lots (Block) 1, 5, 10, 15, aircraft F-16C / D - lots 25, 30, 40 and 50. On the F-16C and D lot 30/32, shipped since 1986, installed a new radar AN/APG-68 and a number of additional systems. Planes Party 40/42 Knight Falcon included with the December 1988, have a digital flight control system, radar AN/APG-68 (V), compatible with the container system, LANTIRN. Planes Party 50, supplied the U.S. Air Force from October 1991 - the first fighter aircraft with engines General Electric F110-129 or Pratt & Whitney F100-229, radar APG-68 (V5) and INS with ring laser gyroscopes. From October 1987 being upgraded 906 previously built the Western European and American aircraft F-16A and B of the Program OCU (Operational Capabilities Upgrade - raising the combat capabilities).

CONSTRUCTION

F-16 - monoplane with sredneraspolozhennym wing and engine in the rear fuselage. Has an integral aerodynamic layout differs smooth conjugation of the fuselage and wing trapezoidal in plan with a relatively small swept leading edge. Smooth articulation of the wing and fuselage allowed for the creation of the fuselage more lift at high angles of attack, to reduce the wetted surface of the aircraft and increase the amount of internal fuel tanks. The increase in the relative thickness of the wing root increased rigidity and reduced the weight of construction by about 113 kg. The design is executed on 78.3% of aluminum
Alloys are also used steel (3,7%), carbon (4,2%) and titanium alloys (4,2%). Estimate resource airframe 8000 hours
Wing of the profile NACA 64A-204 has 11 spars and five ribs, made mostly of aluminum alloys.To achieve high maneuverability on the aircraft used the root nodules of the wing to facilitate the creation of additional vortex lift and enhance directional stability of aircraft at high angles of attack. Lift includes socks layered construction with an aluminum honeycomb core, will automatically be rejected, depending on the Mach number of flight and angle of attack. At the rear edge of the wing mounted flaperons.
Speed ​​deviation of socks and flaperons is respectively 35 and 52 deg / s, the deflection angles of socks and flaperons during takeoff and landing - 25 deg and 20 deg. Relative chord socks 18% at the root and 30% at the end. Area socks 3.41 m, 2.91 m flaperons
Semi-monocoque all-metal fuselage type. Cabin with a regenerative air-conditioning and pressurization, in which air is used, selected from the engine.
Ejection seat firm McDonnell Douglas ACES II ejection provides the parking lot and in flight at the speed of the device up to 1100 mph and at altitudes up to 15000 m. chair bent backward at 30 degrees to reduce the impact on the pilot of large accelerations in air combat.Tselnoformovanny canopy is made of polycarbonate, has a teardrop-shaped and provides a circular field of view in the horizontal plane, a review of 260 degrees, back and forth by 195 degrees. Opens up the back and a hydraulic drive. At the two-seater chair of the crew are in tandem under the lantern.
Keel with longitudinal and transverse power set of an aluminum alloy shell of carbon fiber epoxy and the ending of an aluminum alloy forkil of fiberglass. The area of ​​the keel 5.09 m, 1.08 m rudder stabilizer has a layered lining of epoxy carbon fiber and corrugated aluminum spacer. The area of ​​the stabilizer, since the F-16A and in the party in 1915 increased to 5.92 m, 5.58 m span of the stabilizer ventral fins layered construction with an aluminum honeycomb core and aluminum plating. Consoles stabilizer and engine nozzle are split air brakes with a maximum deviation angle of 60 degrees.
Tricycle landing gear with hydraulic single-wheeled racks and oil-pneumatic shock absorbers.Bow stand operated, is located at inlet and retracts back with a 90 degrees, the main stand - front in the fuselage, while cleaning the chassis 4, the maximum allowable speed at release of 550 km / h. Pneumatics basic pillars of the size 700x220-370 mm with pressure 1,45-1,52 MPa (14,8-15,5 kgf / cm) at take-off weight less than 13,610 kg, the front support - 460x140-200 mm with a pressure of 2.07 - 2.14 MPa (kgf/cm2 21,1-21,8) at takeoff weight less than 13,610 kg. There is automatic braking. The base chassis 4,00 m, 2,36 m. track
In the second half of 1980 aircraft F-16C / D U.S. Air Force were equipped with a means of reducing the visibility (metallized canopy on the inside, used radio-absorbing materials in the area of ​​air intake) will reduce the front of the EPR, according to some estimates by 40%. Similar upgrades were F-16 fighter Netherlands Air Force.

POWER PLANT.

On variants of F-16A and B and the first aircraft F-16C and D mounted turbofan Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-200 with a maximum push rod 106.0 kN (10,810 kgf). Starting with the F-16C and D lot 30/32, shipped from July 1986, provided the ability to install engines Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 (105.7 kN 10780 kgf) or General Electric F110-GE-100 (128 , 9 kN, 13,150 kgs). From October 1991. Ranging from aircraft engines installed Party 50/52 F100-PW-229 or F110-GE-129 with a thrust in the class of 129.0 kN (13,155 kgf).
Engine F100 - shaft, has a three-stage fan, a ten compressor, two-stage turbine, high and low pressure and annular combustion chamber. Vserezhimnoe nozzle, converging-diverging. Bypass ratio engine 0.7, the full extent of increase in pressure 25. Version of F100-PW-200 has a hydromechanical, F100-PW-220 - digital control system. The length of the F100-PW-220 5.28 m, diameter 1.18 m, the dry weight of 1,444 kg. Engine F110 - shaft with a three-stage fan and a nine-compressors, single stage turbine, a high-and two-stage low-pressure turbine, an annular combustor. Bypass ratio 0.87. Engine length 4.62 m, diameter of 1.18 m.
Engine intake ventral unregulated, using engine F110 - to increase the input section to provide increased (from 115 kg / s to 122 kg / s) airflow, modular design. Applied running on jet fuel starter, providing autonomous engine start. Fuel tanks located in the wing and five compartments in the fuselage, forming two fuel tanks. Upper central part of the fuselage behind the cabin is located receiver system in-flight refueling. At podkrylnyh and ventral sites can be suspended dropped fuel tanks.

OBSCHESAMOLETNYE SYSTEM.

F-16 aircraft is the first foreign fighter to a standing FBWCS without mechanical back-up wiring.Until 1988 the installed kvadrupleksnaya analog FBWCS with a computer firm Lear Siegler, organically related to the aerodynamic layout of the aircraft in accordance with the accepted concept in the design of aircraft CCV (LA control-configured). From December 1988 (starting with the party 40) planes come with a digital control system with a computer firm Bendix. The aircraft has a low margin of static longitudinal stability, thus reducing its balancing resistance and improve maneuverability characteristics. 
Artificial stability is ensured by the system to improve stability and handling. Computer digital FBWCS as a unit volume of 0.028 m, weight 234 kg. Communication with the aircraft radio and electronic systems by means of a digital data bus, compliant MIL-STD-1553V. Software produced with the use of high-level language "Jovial."
Side handle controls with a very low speed provides management of stress, is installed on the armrest. Aerodynamic controls include the rudder, and differential flaperons stabilizer.
Aircraft becomes unstable in the travel at angles of attack for 28-30 degrees and may reach the regime of deep stall when the angle of attack of 40 degrees. Therefore, it's angle of attack is limited to automatic size 26 deg in level flight with a two-step tightening restrictions up to 15 degrees during overload 9. Despite the limitations, possible withdrawal of the aircraft at high angles of attack when performing vigorous exercises and several aircraft were lost as a result of a deep stall.
In electrical generators are being used firm Westinghouse and Lear Siegler capacity of 60 kVA and 10, respectively, with a constant speed drive firms Sandstrend. Is there an emergency generator capacity of 5 kVA. Also used rechargeable batteries (24), providing work for FBWCS failure of the main and emergency power system.
Two separate and independent hydraulic system with a working pressure 20.7 MPa (210 kgf / cm) are used to drive the control surfaces and other mechanisms.

Target hardware.

On options A and B installed multi-mode pulse-Doppler radar Westinghouse AN/APG-65 flat antenna array in the forward fuselage, which has four modes of air-, and eight air-to-surface modes. Radar capable of detecting targets against a background of the underlying surface at a distance of 37-56 km in free space - at a distance of 46-74 km. Range of automatic capture and tracking of 9 km. Occupied by the radar volume (without antenna and remote control), 0.1133 m antenna diameter 1.58 m, weight 136 kg radar.
On aircraft F-16C and D set the pulse-Doppler radar Westinghouse AN/APG-68 with great range and resolution and improved modes of operation. Modes include air-to-air search with the measurement of target range, and search the free space, the search for speed, support for the passage of up to 10 air targets, the resolution of targets in a dense group, support a single target, with the support of high repetition rate (at the latest versions of Radar ) for illumination purposes for SD A IM -7. Modes include air-to-surface mapping of the earth's surface, the Doppler beam narrowing, selection of moving ground targets, the search for surface targets, escort of fixed targets, memorizing target image, the measurement range to ground targets.
Navigational equipment includes INS Litton LN-39 (LN-93 or H-523 with a ring laser gyroscope on airplanes party 50/52 and F-16A / B of the last ones), radio navigation system Collins AN/ARN-118 TACAN, ILS instrument landing system Collins AN/ARN-108. The structure of communication equipment includes transceivers and Magnavoks AN/ARC-164 AN/ARC-186, equipment satellite navigation system, as the STC.
Instrumentation includes an indicator of the situation in the horizontal plane, the angle of attack indicator of firm Gull Erborn, team artificial horizon firm Clifton, air data computer firm Sperry.On the F-16C / D is used wide holographic HUD firm GEC Evioniks and two multifunction display on a CRT firm Honeywell. Installed computer fire control system the company Delco, warning system radar irradiation Dalmas Victor AN/ALR-69 (Loral AN/ALR-56M airplanes Party 50/52), machine for spreading chaff Trakor AN/ALE-40 (AN / ALE -47 airplanes Party 50/52), national identification Teledyne ARCH 101. Used data bus, compliant with MIL-STD-1553B. Possible suspension system containers with noise and disorienting noise Westinghouse AN/ALQ-119 and AN/ALQ-131, laser tracking system, Martin Marietta "Peyve Penny, laser designator Thomson-CSF" AT-lis, equipment, low altitude sighting and navigation system, LANTIRN etc. Some sensors can be installed at additional sites on each side of the air intake.Ha RF-16C expected polukonformnaya suspension container ATARS with video for transmission to the ground images with high resolution and infrared sensors.

Weapons.

One six-gun General Electric M61-A-1 (20 mm, 6000 rounds / minute, 511 rounds) on the left side, SD Close Air Combat AIM-9L/M/P "Sidewinder" (six) in a variant of the fighter- bomber aircraft can carry air-to-SD-surface guided bombs with laser and optoelectronic guidance systems, conventional bombs Mk.82, Mk.83 and Mk.84 at Universal Holder with forced discharge.
Total design load on all nine of external sites Overload 5.5 is 9280 kg.
F-16 ADF can carry SD air-to-air medium-range AIM-7 Sparrow "(the first launch conducted in February 1989) or AIM -120 AMRAAM). Start Sparrow "were carried out with F-16C, Bahrain and Egypt should be the first foreign operators, F-16 aircraft with missiles," Sparrow. "
Perhaps the use of SD-class air-to-surface AGM-65A/B/D "Meyvrik, suspension container GPU-5 / A gun with a caliber of 30 mm (in particular, on the shock option for the U.S. Air Force). 
At the Belgian Air Force planes are set SD Close Air Combat Matra Mazhik, "the Israeli planes - UR Rafael Python-3 (early 1991), Norwegian Air Force aircraft can carry anti-ship missiles" Penguin. " On airplanes Party 50 (since 1991) may be used HARM anti-radar missiles and the "Shrike" anti-SD and "Harpoon".

DATA F-16

DIMENSIONS (F-16A/B/C/D). Wingspan without / with rockets on the ends of 9.45 / 10,00 m, length of the aircraft without / with a barbell PA 14.52 / 15.03 m, 5.09 m height of the aircraft, the wing area 27.87 m; sweep angle of the front edge of 40 degrees.
ENGINES. The number and type on F-16A/B/C/D a turbofan Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-200, on the F-16C / D (batch 30/32, 40/42) 1 turbofan Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 or General Electric F110-GE-100, F-16C / D (batch 50/52) 1 turbofan Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-229 or General Electric F110-GE-129, the static thrust forced / neforsirovannaya engine F100-200106 , 0 / 65, 3 kN (kgf 10810/6655), F100-220 105.7 / 63.9 kN (kgf 10780/6520), F110-100 128.9 kN (13,150 kgf), F100-229 129.4 / 79.2 kN (kgf 13200/8070), F110-129 129.0 / 75.6 kN (13155/7710kgs).
MASS AND LOAD, kg: maximum takeoff weight with external load option F-16A / B - 16057, F-16C party 30/32 - 17 010, F-16C party 40/42 - 19 190 without external fuel tanks in the configuration of the fighter version of F- 16A-11094, F-16B - 10849, F-16C (with turbofan F110) - 12330; design takeoff weight (overload 9) with a full supply of fuel in internal tanks version of F-16A / B -
11113, F-16C / D - 11839; empty weight aircraft F-16A - 7365, F-16B - 7655, F-16C with a turbofan F100-PW-220 - 8275, F-16C with a turbofan F110-GE-100 - 8630 , F-16D with turbofan F100-PW-220 - 8495, F-16D with turbofan F110-GE-100 - 8855; maximum design load on external sites (overload 9) for all variants of 5,445 kg, the maximum amount of fuel in internal tanks options F-16A / C - 3105, F-16B / D - 2565, in suspended trays 3065.
FLIGHT DATA. The maximum number of M 1.2 at the ground at an altitude of 12,200 meters over 2,0; landing approach speed of 226 km / h landing speed 212 km / h, service ceiling 15,240 m, the range of F-16C lot 40 with four bombs on 907 kg, 2 SD AIM-9 and PTB with 1136 liters of fuel (without resetting the tanks) on the profile big-small-high altitude of 630 km, with 2 SD AIM-7 and 2 SD AIM-9, with the PTB with 3940 liters of fuel for loitering within 2 h 10 min 370 km, with the same load at intercepting aerial targets 1,315 km ferry range 3890 km and a maximum angular velocity of steady rotation 12.8 deg / s, instantaneous 17.3 deg / s, maximum g-load at total domestic fuel supply and with a symmetrical maneuver 9.

Combat use.

The first combat use of the F-16 belongs to the June 7, 1981, when eight F-16 Israeli Air Force carried out a raid on an Iraqi nuclear research center in Osirak (near Baghdad). October 1, 1985, six Israeli F-16 made a similar bomb attack on a suburb of Tunis (Hammam al-Shatt), where the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization. In the raid aircraft were in the air for more than 7 hours and according to some reports, in-flight refueling tankers from the U.S. KC-135, ejected from Rome Fiumicino Airport. According to preliminary reports, the bombing killed 50 and injured over 160 people.
F-16 with weapons of rockets "Sidewinder" intensively used by Israel during the war against Lebanon in the early 1980's. In April 1981, when Israeli aircraft began bombing the positions of Syrian troops in Lebanon, the Syrian mobile air defense missile system "Osa" was shot down three F-16. In June 1982, when heavy fighting began in the valley r.Bekaa, F-16 used to conceal aircraft strike groups together with the F-15 fighters armed with SD medium-range Sparrow. "Israel was first used in this conflict echelon tactical combat aircraft construction. F-16 is usually formed part of the first-tier cover and entered into battle first. They task was to tie the Syrian fighters near a battle, and the aircraft airborne command post (HCP), E-2C "Hawkeye" shall bring the F-16 to the range of visual detection of the enemy. Their aircraft during the approach at low altitudes masked, falling to the ground. Even before the detection of the target pair of F-16 aircraft at a signal from the Communist Party disagreed and carried out wide-ranging maneuver "sandwich", seeking out the enemy in the tail. Back maneuver Syrian fighters to the discrepancy led to a neighbor maneuverable combat. Vigorous evolution at low altitude, under which the overload reaches a maximum, often leads to disruption of visual communication between the opponents. Singles came out of the fight, fell into the grip and trigger a medium-range missiles from F-15 aircraft that were in the second tier. The case when during a raid on the Syrian Su-22M at the headquarters of Israeli forces in southern Lebanon on 10 June 1982 had been shot down, presumably F-16 fighters, seven of the eight involved in the raid of the Su-22M.According to Israeli data, the ratio of losses in air battles in Lebanon amounted to no less than 13:1 in favor of the F-16 aircraft, however, it is obviously inaccurate figures. According to information published in the Soviet press during the period of active hostilities, from 6 to 11 June 1982 the Israeli Air Force lost 58 aircraft of all types (35 from the fire and 23 SAM in battles with the Syrian air force) and the Syrian Air Force - 67 aircraft (47 in aerial combat, and 20 fire SAM). Thus, the ratio of losses in air combat was about 2:1 in favor of Israel. This is due not so much superiority available to the Israeli technology, how much better planning of military operations, more closely the aircraft for various purposes, as well as aviation and ground forces.Moreover, the majority of Syrian aircraft was probably shot down is still not the F-16 and F-15.An indirect confirmation of this is a relatively low efficiency of U.S. F-16 fighters during the Gulf War in 1991 In 1991, during the war with Iraq by multinational forces in the Persian Gulf have been deployed to 249 F-16 aircraft, which carried out nearly 13,500 sorties (the largest number of sorties of aircraft of the same type in the conflict) with a coefficient of readiness 92,5% (up 5% higher rate in times of peace). Despite such intensive use, F-16 was not shot down any Iraqi aircraft (even though the A-10 attack aircraft were able to shoot down two Iraqi helicopters) and performance in a dogfight can not go to any comparison with American F-15C, having lost 35 Iraqi aircraft. The most widely used F-16 for action against ground targets (Iraqi airfields, military and industrial installations, armored vehicles), in particular, used aircraft F-16A U.S. Air National Guard with fixed cannon containers GPU-5 / A in the central ventral node. At the armed F-16 were SD "Maverick." In the early days of the war, F-16 from airfields in Turkey together with the F-111 struck the northern areas of Iraq under the guise of the F-15. But also in actions against ground targets F-16 also showed outstanding results. He could not be used to engage targets in the rear of Iraq because it would require the use of sufficiently sensitive aircraft tankers. About 60 F-111F aircraft destroyed about 1000 units of armored vehicles, having made 1,200 sorties, while the F-16 aircraft also struck about 1000 combat and transport vehicles, but the number of missions they had to order more, that is one lined the car up more than 10 sorties. You can also note the high losses of U.S. F-16. According to official sources in the Gulf War, the U.S. has lost only five aircraft F-16C, and one of the F-16, according to some reports, was hit by a MiG-23 missile R-23. According to other sources total loss of F-16 U.S. Air Force in 1991 were unusually high: 32 aircraft (for comparison, in 1983-1989. Had lost 78 aircraft F-16 at odds of 4.74 accidents per 100 thousand flight hours, while the twin-engine F/A-18, for example, accident rates during this period was 4.52) and suggests that some of them - it is still disguised combat losses. It is not surprising that one of the representatives of the U.S. administration called the F-16 the most inefficient aircraft during the war in the Persian Gulf. At the same time the administration of U.S.
Air Force indicates that the lack of effectiveness of F-16 aircraft during the Gulf War was associated with a lack of sufficient container low altitude night sighting system LANTIRN. If you use these containers and the new non-nuclear-weapon-precision strikes F-16 aircraft, are said to be not lower than the accuracy afforded by the use of aircraft F-111F and F-15E.
During the war in Afghanistan, Pakistani F-16 shot down several Afghan and one Soviet aircraft of the number who have come into Pakistan's airspace. September 13, 1988 two F-16 took off to intercept the six MiG-23 Afghan Air Force. Lead F-16 could shoot down missiles AIM-9P two MiG-23, and one of them after three unsuccessful attempts to capture target missile was fired from a distance of about 2 km at the output of the F-16 from the inverted flight (in roll angle of 130 degrees ). Later this year, two missiles AIM-9P with F-16 was shot down by an Afghan Su-22.
Autumn 1988 also saw the most famous battle during which Pakistan's F-16 piloted by a second lieutenant Ater, shot down a Soviet Su-25 is controlled by Colonel Alexander V. Rutskoi, who later became vice-president of Russia. According to the Pakistani data, four Su-25 violated the Pakistan border, heading for bombing Mujahideen positions. Ater the commands from the ground was removed for a frontal attack leading Su-25. In the initial moment of the battle of F-16 flying at an altitude of 1500 m, and the Su-25 at a distance of 13 km was diving from a height of 8,200 m. After the attack detection plane Su-25 went into combat for a turn back into Afghan airspace.F-16 has a top speed around 930 km / h on the afterburner and climb 5500 m, reduced to 4,5-5,5 km distance to the Su-25, which was released to a height of 7300 m, and released a single missile AIM-9L, which and hit attack. Wing of the downed Su-25 is set on a pedestal at the gates of the Pakistani air base Camry (near Islamabad), close to the pedestal and put up one of the Pakistani missile AIM-9L. Ater was awarded the "Star for bravery."
One F-16 was shot down in Afghanistan since the Soviet MiG-23MLD rocket melee on a collision course. December 27, 1992 over Iraq in the zone, a no-flight (south of 32 th parallel), AIM-120 missile (AMRAAM), released from a U.S. F-16 was shot down by Iraqi MiG-25. It was the first combat use of the AIM-120 missiles. During the operation of the shock at ground targets in Iraq (command posts, air defense missile systems), held January 13, 1993, F-16 aircraft (along with the F/A-18) was the most inefficient of the American fighting vehicles took part in the raid : in front of six F-16 has been tasked to hit the three radar systems with Freefall Mk84 bombs from a height of 3000 m (for safety from fire small-caliber antiaircraft artillery), but none of the goals has not been destroyed. Effectiveness of other U.S. aircraft in the raid, which took place at night in bad weather conditions was also low (out of 33 goals were struck by just 16).
According to the advertisement, published by General Dynamics in 1992, the all-time operating F-16 aircraft was shot down in aerial combat, more than 60 enemy planes, and none of the F-16 was lost in aerial combat. Such statements are clearly inconsistent with the real "track record" F-16 aircraft, in detail discussed above. At least two F-16 (one of them - the U.S. Air Force) were shot down in aerial combat with the MiG-23, at least seven F-16 were shot down by antiaircraft fire. The exact number of planes shot down a F-16 call is not possible, but it is clear that the actual performance of F-16 in air combat is not consistent with the concept of the fighter air superiority, rooted in the early design of the F-16 (this is obvious from the reorientation aircraft mainly on the performance impact of operations), and the figure "60 downed enemy planes" we leave on the conscience of the advertiser.