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"Thirty"
Article from the book "A new generation of twenty-sevenths," Yefim
Gordon, 2001
In the second half of the 80s. Command
air defense forces of the country expressed the desire to obtain
weapons for a special modification of two-seat Su-27UB, which could
be used not only as a fighter-interceptor long-range, but also as a
kind of command center for air battle management of single Su-27. The
need for such a machine by the specific geographical position of
Russia, a large-length air borders in the North and the Far East -
areas of underdeveloped and rather sparse network of airfields. In
addition, airmen air defense units, re-arm the Su-27 and especially
appreciated the Su-27UB, because it kept all the combat capabilities
of one single machine, and psychological presence on board the
destroyer of the two crew members in a long-duration missions had
big advantages.
For a long loitering plane away from the airfield a new
aircraft, designated the Su-27PU (T-10PU), and later Su-30s, decided
to equip the system in-flight refueling. Testing
of refueling took place in 1987 experienced pas "Spark" T10U-2. In
the summer of 1988 this system was equipped with one of the first
series of combat-capable machines - T10U-5 (Su-27UB ¹ 01 -02). She
became the prototype of the Su-30, received a new designation
T10PU-5. The following
year it was joined by second prototype T10PU-6, modified from the
Su-27UB ¹ 02-03 (T10U-6).
In addition to the introduction of in-flight refueling, the
Su-27PU planned some changes in the composition of the onboard
equipment. To manage
group actions in the interceptor avionics included a special
communications equipment and guidance systems, and the commander of
the group was located in the rear cockpit, equipped with a
widescreen television tactical situation indicator, which flocked to
the necessary information about the coordinates and characteristics
of the targets movement and position in air interceptor group. At
the same time, the Su-27PU upgraded navigation system and remote
control system, the establishment of a new modification in the
fighter design bureau headed by VI Emel'yanov, later appointed chief
designer.
In 1991 in Irkutsk has begun mass production two-seat Su-30. Leading
car was raised on the first flight test pilots, GE Bulanov and VB
Maksimenkova April 14, 1992 Unfortunately, the aircraft of this type
are not yet widely spread in the Russian Armed Forces. Five
Su-30 now in operation at the Center for training and retraining of
pilots exiled Russian Air Force in Savasleyke and are widely used in
legno-tactical exercises.
The first two production Su-27PU (Su-30) ¹ 01-01 and 1.2 were
1002 purchased aerobatic group "test pilots", led by AN Kvochur, and
have since repainted side number 596 and 597. On
"Mosaeroshou-92" in Zhukovsky near Moscow in August of that year the
aircraft flown by test pilots and LII SN.Tresvyatskim AG Beschastnov,
demonstrated flight systems with the bombers Tu-95MS and Tu-22MZ,
simulated refueling and flight of IL-78 tanker, as well as doubles
and counter aerobatics. In
1993, the Su-27PU ¹ 01-01 was referred to the Sukhoi Design Bureau
to be converted into a demonstration copy of the Su-30MK. The
car was repainted in yellow and brown camouflage, and got a new side
number 603.
Presentation of a new modification of "thirty" was held at Le
Bourget in June 1993, where the role of the Su-30MK has made
familiar to the exhibition in 1989 with the Su-27UB number 389,
now got a new side number 321. This
car did not have the characteristic of all Su-30 system in-flight
refueling, but was equipped impressive arsenal of aircraft weapons
of various types. "Sukhoi"
no secret that the show demo model Su-30MK was caused by the desire
to find potential overseas customers.
In order to increase competitiveness in the global aviation
market the Su-30MK was offered in the multipurpose form. Combat
capabilities of the machine, as compared with the Su-27 and Su-30,
have been greatly enhanced by the inclusion of the weapons guided
weapons of ground targets. On
the Su-30MK planned to ensure that the guided missile "air-surface"
of long-range X-59M (presented under the name of AGM-TVC) with
TV-command guidance system, short-range missiles Kh-29T TV with GOS,
and anti-anti-radar missiles of intermediate-range X-31A (ASM-M) and
X-31P. KAB500Kr
responsive bombs, etc. Maximum
weight of uncontrolled weapons, hosted on 12 hardpoints, would
amount to 8 tons
of the Day targeting and missile guidance to the
television-command guidance system and passive radar homing fighter
had to supply the control equipment replacement weapon pod: the
exhibition in Paris with the plane number 321 was equipped with two
such containers on ventral suspension - to control anti-radar
missiles Kh-31P (front suspension point number 1. between the air
intakes) and television-guided team raketH-59M (na rear suspension
point number 2, between the pods.)In the future, as mining,
customers may be asked to equip the Su-30MK guided weapons with
semi-active laser homing (Kh-29L, C-25L, bombs KAB-1500L, etc.). induced
by a laser range finding grid and target.
Nomenclature of arms "air-to-air" was intended to strengthen
the new guided missile air-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar
homing, due to which, subject to modernize radar, with the use of
two simultaneous firing of air targets . Refinements
intended to subject Optoelectronic sighting system, flight control
and navigation system and a system display, which was built on the
basis of multi-colored LEDs on liquid crystals. In
August 1993, the same Su-27UB with number 321 under the name of
Su-30MK was shown na MAKS-93 in Zhukovsky, and the arsenal of
weapons the aircraft was completed with two new heavy missiles - SD
"air-" long-range KS- 172 (AAM-L) and anti-ship missile "Alpha»
(ASM-MS). Foreign
premiere of "real" the Su-30MK demonstrator with board number 603
was held at the exhibition FIDAE'94 in Chile in March 1994, and
European - in the exhibition in Berlin ILA94 summer of that year.
The efforts of "Sukhoi" to promote a modified Su- 30 to
foreign markets were not in vain, but an order for these aircraft
did not come from Latin America and from Europe. The
desire to acquire highly-party multi-purpose fighter Su-30MK has
expressed India - a longtime partner of the Russian
Military-Technical Cooperation knows firsthand aircraft grade "Su"
(in this country in 70 years. Is widely exploited by fighter-bombers
Su-7B, which managed to make war in the Indo-Pakistani conflict,
1971),
Contract, signed on 30 November 1996, provided for delivery to
India in 1997-2000. 40
aircraft, dubbed the Su-30MKI. Previously
proposed by the Su-30MK distinguishes them an introduction to the
layout scheme of additional front horizontal tail, and a new power
plant, including the AL-31FN engine with thrust vector control. These
activities are designed to significantly improve aircraft
maneuverability in a dogfight. In
addition, the Indian machines will be revised set of equipment,
ensuring effective use of guided missiles, "air-" F-73E, R-27R1 (T1,
ER1, ET1), and RVV-AE, and guided weapon of class "air-surface"
(Kh-59M, X-31A 29T.H, Kh-31P, etc.).
On request, part of the avionics installed on the aircraft
will be western production. Thus,
the Su-30MKI fighters to be used on light background windshield,
inertial and satellite navigation by the French company "sextant
avionics." However, based
weapon control system will be a fighter equipment of Russian origin. The
Su-30MKI will apply multifunction radar NO11M phased array,
developed in NIIP them. Vladimir
Tikhomirov (director I. White, chief designer of the radar
TO.Bekirbaev) for the most advanced aircraft of the Su-27, including single
Su-37 and Su-35UB twin and Su-30MK. The
staff of the Urals Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ, Ekaterinburg),
led by the Director-General ES Yalamov and chief designer, NS
Rakovich for Su-30MKI, a new optical kolokatsionnaya station OLS-30
shakeproof receiver microcryogenic cooling system with extended and
new software. Program
Manager for the Su-30MKI is the First Deputy General Designer of "Sukhoi"
E, F, Barkovsky.
Assembling the first instance of the Su-30MKI fighters
(Su-30I-1, Su-30MK-1) and refined by the requirements of the Indian
side of the Su-30 Skid number 56, was completed in the pilot
production of JSC "Sukhoi" in the spring of 1997, and July 1 of that
year, the test pilot VY Averyanov raised it in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust.
In the Su-37 prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection
nozzles are strictly vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the
horizontal was obtained by creating a difference in traction of the
left and right engines. In
addition, to improve the reliability of thrust vector control system
of the AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel
systems taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic
system of aircraft.
Experience in operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its
engines can be operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds
under the action of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds.
Design documentation for production engines AL-31FP
transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" (
Ufa) and MMPP "Salut" (Moscow), and the release of new power plants
with SWT should begin as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP
are completely interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27,
at desire of the customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy.
In 1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06)
prepared a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6),
first flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the
first batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was
made in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and
engines with SWT. It is
planned that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the
contract the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample
and sent before the Su-30K.
In November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented
at the Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists. Unfortunately,
when performing a demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of
the cabin, June 12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of
pilot test VY Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika.
At the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the
cause of the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side. Powered
after contact with the ground crew escape system worked well,
ensuring the safe ejection pilot and navigator at an altitude of
less than 100 m, and the plane crashed on the surface of the
airfield away from the stands, without causing harm to people and
aerodrome buildings.
Thus, any claims to aviation technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99.
Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series.
Back in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual
modernization of the Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the
Su-27SMK. Plane was
created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment.
The result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK
was the creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit.The layout of the fuel-filling rods in a production
fighter with minimal changes to the design head of the fuselage (as
opposed to the Su-33 and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged
construction) performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested
on the Su-27PD (¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for
aerobatic team, AN kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km.
Another difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the
introduction of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which
greatly improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing
when flying long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR.
The range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided
missiles air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are:
* the introduction of a complex avionics new computational
tools and new software for new modes of combat employment and use of
new types of weapons
* upgrade information-control field cockpit through the
introduction of multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and
multifunction control units;
* revision radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface"
and the expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be
equipped with phased array radar)
* increased to 12 the number of external stations,
"the introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of
ground targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system.
Using the experience gained in developing and testing
multi-role fighters Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under
tight deadlines and a high increase efficiency of aircraft with a
minimum increase in its value.
Poleg first on a test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02)
completed June 28, 1998 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny
KnAAPO howler. Soon the fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and
then to the State Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in
Akhtubinsk, where it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets
such as the RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested
in this plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization
of frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force.
In August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black
and blue camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights
of the Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test
pilot car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated
excellent maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to
these indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev.
Double multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the
Su-27SK. However, the deceptive outward similarity lies a very
different plane - multifunction aerial system capable of solving a
wide range of combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The
main visible difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin
crew on a" tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and
flight refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics.
Su -30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in
NIIP them. Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and
carries the possibility of using new high-performance rockets
"air-to-middle range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new
optical-radar station, developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer
AAKazamarov). Both channels have the weapons control system
operating modes of the "air-surface" to ensure the application
platform and guided weapons to destroy ground targets and ground
mapping. Complex avionics of the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB
(chief designer of the GI Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the
introduction of a new information channel, a new generation of
on-board computer with the new software related to the main
subsystems of complex avionics and weapons multiplexed channels of
information exchange, and new display system based on multi-color
displays, large format liquid crystal. At the front dashboard and
rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and one multi-function
control panel with LCD display developed by the RDC. multifunctional
fighter is equipped with modernized equipment onboard defense system
that includes a modern electronic intelligence station, the
station's active electronic jamming devices and passive noise
emissions. modernized systems and other onboard equipment.
In the armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile,
"Air-to-air" R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy
ground targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles
Kh-29TE with television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS
medium-range missiles Kh-59M with a television-command guidance
system, responsive bombs KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television
homing, as well as a variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs
caliber 100, 250, 500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary
tanks, Cluster bombs, containers, small shipments such as KMGU,
rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Like other versions of the Su-27
aircraft equipped with rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons
placed on 12 hardpoints. It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and,
unlike other variants of the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with
maximum combat load at full fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to
38000 kg. The increase in maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a
number of chassis and structural components,
design modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation
Sukhoi and Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the
which is currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft.
Technical Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex
Knyshev. With the development of production povoy modifications to
KnAAPO first widely used by information technology, allowed to
abandon labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the
surface of new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic
Plaza Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics),
in order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in
early 1999 has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the
first prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999
The first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got
side number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the
first flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi"
Vyacheslav Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was
completed KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side
number 502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory
T10PU-5, 1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion
of which should begin later this year Delivery of serial double
multi-role fighters to the customer.
Apart from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau
and KnAAPO over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. Maksimenkova
April 14, 1992 Unfortunately, the aircraft of this type are not yet
widely spread in the Russian Armed Forces. Five
Su-30 now in operation at the Center for training and retraining of
pilots exiled Russian Air Force in Savasleyke and are widely used in
legno-tactical exercises. The first two production Su-27PU (Su-30) ¹
01-01 and 1.2 were 1002 purchased aerobatic group "test pilots", led
by AN Kvochur, and have since repainted side number 596 and 597. On
"Mosaeroshou-92" in Zhukovsky near Moscow in August of that year the
aircraft flown by test pilots and LII SN.Tresvyatskim AG Beschastnov,
demonstrated flight systems with the bombers Tu-95MS and Tu-22MZ,
simulated refueling and flight of IL-78 tanker, as well as doubles
and counter aerobatics. In
1993, the Su-27PU ¹ 01-01 was referred to the Sukhoi Design Bureau
to be converted into a demonstration copy of the Su-30MK. The
car was repainted in yellow and brown camouflage, and got a new side
number 603. Presentation
of a new modification of "thirty" was held at Le Bourget in June
1993, where the role of the Su-30MK has made familiar to the
exhibition in 1989 with the Su-27UB number 389, now got a new side
number 321. This car did
not have the characteristic of all Su-30 system in-flight refueling,
but was equipped impressive arsenal of aircraft weapons of various
types. "Sukhoi" no secret
that the show demo model Su-30MK was caused by the desire to find
potential overseas customers. In
order to increase competitiveness in the global aviation market the
Su-30MK was offered in the multipurpose form.Combat capabilities of
the machine, as compared with the Su-27 and Su-30, have been greatly
enhanced by the inclusion of the weapons guided weapons of ground
targets. On the Su-30MK
planned to ensure that the guided missile "air-surface" of
long-range X-59M (presented under the name of AGM-TVC) with
TV-command guidance system, short-range missiles Kh-29T TV with GOS,
and anti-anti-radar missiles of intermediate-range X-31A (ASM-M) and
X-31P.KAB500Kr responsive bombs, etc. Maximum
weight of uncontrolled weapons, hosted on 12 hardpoints, would
amount to 8 tons of the
Day targeting and missile guidance to the television-command
guidance system and passive radar homing fighter had to supply the
control equipment replacement weapon pod: the exhibition in Paris
with the plane number 321 was equipped with two such containers on
ventral suspension - to control anti-radar missiles Kh-31P (front
suspension point number 1. between the air intakes) and
television-guided team raketH-59M (na rear suspension point number
2, between the pods.) In
the future, as mining, customers may be asked to equip the Su-30MK
guided weapons with semi-active laser homing (Kh-29L, C-25L, bombs
KAB-1500L, etc.). induced
by a laser range finding grid and target. Nomenclature
of arms "air-to-air" was intended to strengthen the new guided
missile air-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing, due to
which, subject to modernize radar, with the use of two simultaneous
firing of air targets . Refinements
intended to subject Optoelectronic sighting system, flight control
and navigation system and a system display, which was built on the
basis of multi-colored LEDs on liquid crystals. In
August 1993, the same Su-27UB with number 321 under the name of
Su-30MK was shown na MAKS-93 in Zhukovsky, and the arsenal of
weapons the aircraft was completed with two new heavy missiles - SD
"air-" long-range KS- 172 (AAM-L) and anti-ship missile "Alpha»
(ASM-MS). Foreign
premiere of "real" the Su-30MK demonstrator with board number 603
was held at the exhibition FIDAE'94 in Chile in March 1994, and
European - in the exhibition in Berlin ILA94 summer of that year. The
efforts of "Sukhoi" to promote a modified Su- 30 to foreign markets
were not in vain, but an order for these aircraft did not come from
Latin America and from Europe. The
desire to acquire highly-party multi-purpose fighter Su-30MK has
expressed India - a longtime partner of the Russian
Military-Technical Cooperation knows firsthand aircraft grade "Su"
(in this country in 70 years. Is widely exploited by fighter-bombers
Su-7B, which managed to make war in the Indo-Pakistani conflict,
1971),Contract, signed on 30 November 1996, provided for delivery to
India in 1997-2000. 40
aircraft, dubbed the Su-30MKI. Previously
proposed by the Su-30MK distinguishes them an introduction to the
layout scheme of additional front horizontal tail, and a new power
plant, including the AL-31FN engine with thrust vector control. These
activities are designed to significantly improve aircraft
maneuverability in a dogfight. In
addition, the Indian machines will be revised set of equipment,
ensuring effective use of guided missiles, "air-" F-73E, R-27R1 (T1,
ER1, ET1), and RVV-AE, and guided weapon of class "air-surface"
(Kh-59M, X-31A 29T.H, Kh-31P, etc.). On
request, part of the avionics installed on the aircraft will be
western production. Thus,
the Su-30MKI fighters to be used on light background windshield,
inertial and satellite navigation by the French company "sextant
avionics." However, based
weapon control system will be a fighter equipment of Russian origin. The
Su-30MKI will apply multifunction radar NO11M phased array,
developed in NIIP them. Vladimir
Tikhomirov (director I. White, chief designer of the radar
TO.Bekirbaev) for the most advanced aircraft of the Su-27, including single
Su-37 and Su-35UB twin and Su-30MK. The
staff of the Urals Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ, Ekaterinburg),
led by the Director-General ES Yalamov and chief designer, NS
Rakovich for Su-30MKI, a new optical kolokatsionnaya station OLS-30
shakeproof receiver microcryogenic cooling system with extended and
new software. Program
Manager for the Su-30MKI is the First Deputy General Designer of "Sukhoi"
E, F, Barkovsky. Assembling
the first instance of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30I-1, Su-30MK-1)
and refined by the requirements of the Indian side of the Su-30 Skid
number 56, was completed in the pilot production of JSC "Sukhoi" in
the spring of 1997, and July 1 of that year, the test pilot VY
Averyanov raised it in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust. In the Su-37
prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection nozzles are strictly
vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the horizontal was
obtained by creating a difference in traction of the left and right
engines. In addition, to
improve the reliability of thrust vector control system of the
AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel systems
taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic system of
aircraft. Experience in
operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its engines can be
operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds under the action
of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds. Design
documentation for production engines AL-31FP transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka
Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" ( Ufa) and MMPP "Salut"
(Moscow), and the release of new power plants with SWT should begin
as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP are completely
interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27, at desire of the
customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy. In
1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06) prepared
a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6), first
flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the first
batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was made
in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and engines
with SWT. It is planned
that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the contract
the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample and sent
before the Su-30K. In
November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented at the
Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists.Unfortunately, when performing a
demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of the cabin, June
12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of pilot test VY
Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika. At
the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the cause of
the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side.Powered after contact with the ground
crew escape system worked well, ensuring the safe ejection pilot and
navigator at an altitude of less than 100 m, and the plane crashed
on the surface of the airfield away from the stands, without causing
harm to people and aerodrome buildings.Thus, any claims to aviation
technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99. Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series. Back
in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual modernization of the
Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the Su-27SMK. Plane
was created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment. The
result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK was the
creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit. The layout
of the fuel-filling rods in a production fighter with minimal
changes to the design head of the fuselage (as opposed to the Su-33
and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged construction)
performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested on the Su-27PD
(¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for aerobatic team, AN
kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km. Another
difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the introduction
of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which greatly
improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing when flying
long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR. The
range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided missiles
air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are: *
the introduction of a complex avionics new computational tools and
new software for new modes of combat employment and use of new types
of weapons * upgrade
information-control field cockpit through the introduction of
multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and multifunction
control units; * revision
radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface" and the
expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be equipped
with phased array radar) *
increased to 12 the number of external stations, "the
introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of ground
targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system. Using
the experience gained in developing and testing multi-role fighters
Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under tight deadlines and a
high increase efficiency of aircraft with a minimum increase in its
value. Poleg first on a
test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02) completed June 28, 1998 in
Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny KnAAPO howler. Soon the
fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and then to the State
Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in Akhtubinsk, where
it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets such as the
RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested in this
plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization of
frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force. In
August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black and blue
camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights of the
Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test pilot
car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated excellent
maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to these
indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev. Double
multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the Su-27SK. However,
the deceptive outward similarity lies a very different plane -
multifunction aerial system capable of solving a wide range of
combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The main visible
difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin crew on a"
tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and flight
refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics. Su
-30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in NIIP them.
Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and carries the
possibility of using new high-performance rockets "air-to-middle
range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new optical-radar station,
developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer AAKazamarov). Both
channels have the weapons control system operating modes of the
"air-surface" to ensure the application platform and guided weapons
to destroy ground targets and ground mapping. Complex avionics of
the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB (chief designer of the GI
Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the introduction of a new information
channel, a new generation of on-board computer with the new software
related to the main subsystems of complex avionics and weapons
multiplexed channels of information exchange, and new display system
based on multi-color displays, large format liquid crystal. At the
front dashboard and rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and
one multi-function control panel with LCD display developed by the
RDC. multifunctional fighter is equipped with modernized equipment
onboard defense system that includes a modern electronic
intelligence station, the station's active electronic jamming
devices and passive noise emissions. modernized systems and other
onboard equipment. In the
armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile, "Air-to-air"
R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy ground
targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles Kh-29TE with
television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS medium-range missiles
Kh-59M with a television-command guidance system, responsive bombs
KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television homing, as well as a
variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs caliber 100, 250,
500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs,
containers, small shipments such as KMGU, rockets caliber 80 and 122
mm. Like other versions of the Su-27 aircraft equipped with
rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons placed on 12 hardpoints.
It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and, unlike other variants of
the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with maximum combat load at full
fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to 38000 kg. The increase in
maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a number of chassis and
structural components, design
modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation Sukhoi and
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the which is
currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft. Technical
Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex Knyshev. With
the development of production povoy modifications to KnAAPO first
widely used by information technology, allowed to abandon
labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the surface of
new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic Plaza
Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics), in
order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in early 1999
has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the first
prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999 The
first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got side
number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the first
flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi" Vyacheslav
Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was completed
KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side number
502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory T10PU-5,
1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion of which
should begin later this year Delivery of serial double multi-role
fighters to the customer. Apart
from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau and KnAAPO
over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. Maksimenkova
April 14, 1992 Unfortunately, the aircraft of this type are not yet
widely spread in the Russian Armed Forces. Five
Su-30 now in operation at the Center for training and retraining of
pilots exiled Russian Air Force in Savasleyke and are widely used in
legno-tactical exercises. The first two production Su-27PU (Su-30) ¹
01-01 and 1.2 were 1002 purchased aerobatic group "test pilots", led
by AN Kvochur, and have since repainted side number 596 and 597. On
"Mosaeroshou-92" in Zhukovsky near Moscow in August of that year the
aircraft flown by test pilots and LII SN.Tresvyatskim AG Beschastnov,
demonstrated flight systems with the bombers Tu-95MS and Tu-22MZ,
simulated refueling and flight of IL-78 tanker, as well as doubles
and counter aerobatics. In
1993, the Su-27PU ¹ 01-01 was referred to the Sukhoi Design Bureau
to be converted into a demonstration copy of the Su-30MK. The
car was repainted in yellow and brown camouflage, and got a new side
number 603. Presentation
of a new modification of "thirty" was held at Le Bourget in June
1993, where the role of the Su-30MK has made familiar to the
exhibition in 1989 with the Su-27UB number 389, now got a new side
number 321. This car did
not have the characteristic of all Su-30 system in-flight refueling,
but was equipped impressive arsenal of aircraft weapons of various
types. "Sukhoi" no secret
that the show demo model Su-30MK was caused by the desire to find
potential overseas customers. In
order to increase competitiveness in the global aviation market the
Su-30MK was offered in the multipurpose form.Combat capabilities of
the machine, as compared with the Su-27 and Su-30, have been greatly
enhanced by the inclusion of the weapons guided weapons of ground
targets. On the Su-30MK
planned to ensure that the guided missile "air-surface" of
long-range X-59M (presented under the name of AGM-TVC) with
TV-command guidance system, short-range missiles Kh-29T TV with GOS,
and anti-anti-radar missiles of intermediate-range X-31A (ASM-M) and
X-31P.KAB500Kr responsive bombs, etc. Maximum
weight of uncontrolled weapons, hosted on 12 hardpoints, would
amount to 8 tons of the
Day targeting and missile guidance to the television-command
guidance system and passive radar homing fighter had to supply the
control equipment replacement weapon pod: the exhibition in Paris
with the plane number 321 was equipped with two such containers on
ventral suspension - to control anti-radar missiles Kh-31P (front
suspension point number 1. between the air intakes) and
television-guided team raketH-59M (na rear suspension point number
2, between the pods.) In
the future, as mining, customers may be asked to equip the Su-30MK
guided weapons with semi-active laser homing (Kh-29L, C-25L, bombs
KAB-1500L, etc.). induced
by a laser range finding grid and target. Nomenclature
of arms "air-to-air" was intended to strengthen the new guided
missile air-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing, due to
which, subject to modernize radar, with the use of two simultaneous
firing of air targets . Refinements
intended to subject Optoelectronic sighting system, flight control
and navigation system and a system display, which was built on the
basis of multi-colored LEDs on liquid crystals. In
August 1993, the same Su-27UB with number 321 under the name of
Su-30MK was shown na MAKS-93 in Zhukovsky, and the arsenal of
weapons the aircraft was completed with two new heavy missiles - SD
"air-" long-range KS- 172 (AAM-L) and anti-ship missile "Alpha»
(ASM-MS). Foreign
premiere of "real" the Su-30MK demonstrator with board number 603
was held at the exhibition FIDAE'94 in Chile in March 1994, and
European - in the exhibition in Berlin ILA94 summer of that year. The
efforts of "Sukhoi" to promote a modified Su- 30 to foreign markets
were not in vain, but an order for these aircraft did not come from
Latin America and from Europe. The
desire to acquire highly-party multi-purpose fighter Su-30MK has
expressed India - a longtime partner of the Russian
Military-Technical Cooperation knows firsthand aircraft grade "Su"
(in this country in 70 years. Is widely exploited by fighter-bombers
Su-7B, which managed to make war in the Indo-Pakistani conflict,
1971),Contract, signed on 30 November 1996, provided for delivery to
India in 1997-2000. 40
aircraft, dubbed the Su-30MKI. Previously
proposed by the Su-30MK distinguishes them an introduction to the
layout scheme of additional front horizontal tail, and a new power
plant, including the AL-31FN engine with thrust vector control. These
activities are designed to significantly improve aircraft
maneuverability in a dogfight. In
addition, the Indian machines will be revised set of equipment,
ensuring effective use of guided missiles, "air-" F-73E, R-27R1 (T1,
ER1, ET1), and RVV-AE, and guided weapon of class "air-surface"
(Kh-59M, X-31A 29T.H, Kh-31P, etc.). On
request, part of the avionics installed on the aircraft will be
western production. Thus,
the Su-30MKI fighters to be used on light background windshield,
inertial and satellite navigation by the French company "sextant
avionics." However, based
weapon control system will be a fighter equipment of Russian origin. The
Su-30MKI will apply multifunction radar NO11M phased array,
developed in NIIP them. Vladimir
Tikhomirov (director I. White, chief designer of the radar
TO.Bekirbaev) for the most advanced aircraft of the Su-27, including single
Su-37 and Su-35UB twin and Su-30MK. The
staff of the Urals Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ, Ekaterinburg),
led by the Director-General ES Yalamov and chief designer, NS
Rakovich for Su-30MKI, a new optical kolokatsionnaya station OLS-30
shakeproof receiver microcryogenic cooling system with extended and
new software. Program
Manager for the Su-30MKI is the First Deputy General Designer of "Sukhoi"
E, F, Barkovsky. Assembling
the first instance of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30I-1, Su-30MK-1)
and refined by the requirements of the Indian side of the Su-30 Skid
number 56, was completed in the pilot production of JSC "Sukhoi" in
the spring of 1997, and July 1 of that year, the test pilot VY
Averyanov raised it in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust. In the Su-37
prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection nozzles are strictly
vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the horizontal was
obtained by creating a difference in traction of the left and right
engines. In addition, to
improve the reliability of thrust vector control system of the
AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel systems
taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic system of
aircraft. Experience in
operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its engines can be
operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds under the action
of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds. Design
documentation for production engines AL-31FP transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka
Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" ( Ufa) and MMPP "Salut"
(Moscow), and the release of new power plants with SWT should begin
as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP are completely
interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27, at desire of the
customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy. In
1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06) prepared
a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6), first
flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the first
batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was made
in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and engines
with SWT. It is planned
that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the contract
the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample and sent
before the Su-30K. In
November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented at the
Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists.Unfortunately, when performing a
demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of the cabin, June
12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of pilot test VY
Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika. At
the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the cause of
the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side.Powered after contact with the ground
crew escape system worked well, ensuring the safe ejection pilot and
navigator at an altitude of less than 100 m, and the plane crashed
on the surface of the airfield away from the stands, without causing
harm to people and aerodrome buildings.Thus, any claims to aviation
technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99. Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series. Back
in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual modernization of the
Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the Su-27SMK. Plane
was created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment. The
result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK was the
creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit. The layout
of the fuel-filling rods in a production fighter with minimal
changes to the design head of the fuselage (as opposed to the Su-33
and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged construction)
performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested on the Su-27PD
(¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for aerobatic team, AN
kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km. Another
difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the introduction
of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which greatly
improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing when flying
long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR. The
range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided missiles
air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are: *
the introduction of a complex avionics new computational tools and
new software for new modes of combat employment and use of new types
of weapons * upgrade
information-control field cockpit through the introduction of
multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and multifunction
control units; * revision
radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface" and the
expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be equipped
with phased array radar) *
increased to 12 the number of external stations, "the
introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of ground
targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system. Using
the experience gained in developing and testing multi-role fighters
Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under tight deadlines and a
high increase efficiency of aircraft with a minimum increase in its
value. Poleg first on a
test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02) completed June 28, 1998 in
Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny KnAAPO howler. Soon the
fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and then to the State
Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in Akhtubinsk, where
it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets such as the
RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested in this
plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization of
frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force. In
August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black and blue
camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights of the
Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test pilot
car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated excellent
maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to these
indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev. Double
multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the Su-27SK. However,
the deceptive outward similarity lies a very different plane -
multifunction aerial system capable of solving a wide range of
combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The main visible
difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin crew on a"
tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and flight
refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics. Su
-30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in NIIP them.
Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and carries the
possibility of using new high-performance rockets "air-to-middle
range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new optical-radar station,
developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer AAKazamarov). Both
channels have the weapons control system operating modes of the
"air-surface" to ensure the application platform and guided weapons
to destroy ground targets and ground mapping. Complex avionics of
the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB (chief designer of the GI
Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the introduction of a new information
channel, a new generation of on-board computer with the new software
related to the main subsystems of complex avionics and weapons
multiplexed channels of information exchange, and new display system
based on multi-color displays, large format liquid crystal. At the
front dashboard and rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and
one multi-function control panel with LCD display developed by the
RDC. multifunctional fighter is equipped with modernized equipment
onboard defense system that includes a modern electronic
intelligence station, the station's active electronic jamming
devices and passive noise emissions. modernized systems and other
onboard equipment. In the
armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile, "Air-to-air"
R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy ground
targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles Kh-29TE with
television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS medium-range missiles
Kh-59M with a television-command guidance system, responsive bombs
KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television homing, as well as a
variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs caliber 100, 250,
500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs,
containers, small shipments such as KMGU, rockets caliber 80 and 122
mm. Like other versions of the Su-27 aircraft equipped with
rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons placed on 12 hardpoints.
It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and, unlike other variants of
the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with maximum combat load at full
fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to 38000 kg. The increase in
maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a number of chassis and
structural components, design
modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation Sukhoi and
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the which is
currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft. Technical
Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex Knyshev. With
the development of production povoy modifications to KnAAPO first
widely used by information technology, allowed to abandon
labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the surface of
new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic Plaza
Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics), in
order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in early 1999
has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the first
prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999 The
first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got side
number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the first
flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi" Vyacheslav
Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was completed
KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side number
502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory T10PU-5,
1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion of which
should begin later this year Delivery of serial double multi-role
fighters to the customer. Apart
from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau and KnAAPO
over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. provided
for delivery to India in the period 1997-2000. 40
aircraft, dubbed the Su-30MKI. Previously
proposed by the Su-30MK distinguishes them an introduction to the
layout scheme of additional front horizontal tail, and a new power
plant, including the AL-31FN engine with thrust vector control. These
activities are designed to significantly improve aircraft
maneuverability in a dogfight.In addition, the Indian machines will
be revised set of equipment, ensuring effective use of guided
missiles, "air-" F-73E, R-27R1 (T1, ER1, ET1), and RVV-AE, and
guided weapon of class "air-surface" (Kh-59M, X-31A 29T.H, Kh-31P,
etc.). On request, part of the avionics installed on the aircraft
will be western production. Thus,
the Su-30MKI fighters to be used on light background windshield,
inertial and satellite navigation by the French company "sextant
avionics."However, based weapon control system will be a fighter
equipment of Russian origin. The
Su-30MKI will apply multifunction radar NO11M phased array,
developed in NIIP them. Vladimir
Tikhomirov (director I. White, chief designer of the radar
TO.Bekirbaev) for the most advanced aircraft of the Su-27, including single
Su-37 and Su-35UB twin and Su-30MK. The
staff of the Urals Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ, Ekaterinburg),
led by the Director-General ES Yalamov and chief designer, NS
Rakovich for Su-30MKI, a new optical kolokatsionnaya station OLS-30
shakeproof receiver microcryogenic cooling system with extended and
new software.Program Manager for the Su-30MKI is the First Deputy
General Designer of "Sukhoi" E, F, Barkovsky. Assembling
the first instance of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30I-1, Su-30MK-1)
and refined by the requirements of the Indian side of the Su-30 Skid
number 56, was completed in the pilot production of JSC "Sukhoi" in
the spring of 1997, and July 1 of that year, the test pilot VY
Averyanov raised it in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust. In the Su-37
prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection nozzles are strictly
vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the horizontal was
obtained by creating a difference in traction of the left and right
engines. In addition, to
improve the reliability of thrust vector control system of the
AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel systems
taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic system of
aircraft. Experience in
operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its engines can be
operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds under the action
of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds. Design
documentation for production engines AL-31FP transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka
Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" ( Ufa) and MMPP "Salut"
(Moscow), and the release of new power plants with SWT should begin
as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP are completely
interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27, at desire of the
customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy. In
1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06) prepared
a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6), first
flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the first
batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was made
in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and engines
with SWT. It is planned
that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the contract
the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample and sent
before the Su-30K. In
November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented at the
Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists. Unfortunately,
when performing a demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of
the cabin, June 12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of
pilot test VY Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika. At
the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the cause of
the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side. Powered
after contact with the ground crew escape system worked well,
ensuring the safe ejection pilot and navigator at an altitude of
less than 100 m, and the plane crashed on the surface of the
airfield away from the stands, without causing harm to people and
aerodrome buildings. Thus,
any claims to aviation technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99. Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series. Back
in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual modernization of the
Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the Su-27SMK. Plane
was created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment. The
result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK was the
creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit. The layout
of the fuel-filling rods in a production fighter with minimal
changes to the design head of the fuselage (as opposed to the Su-33
and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged construction)
performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested on the Su-27PD
(¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for aerobatic team, AN
kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km. Another
difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the introduction
of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which greatly
improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing when flying
long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR. The
range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided missiles
air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are: *
the introduction of a complex avionics new computational tools and
new software for new modes of combat employment and use of new types
of weapons * upgrade
information-control field cockpit through the introduction of
multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and multifunction
control units; * revision
radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface" and the
expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be equipped
with phased array radar) *
increased to 12 the number of external stations, "the
introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of ground
targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system. Using
the experience gained in developing and testing multi-role fighters
Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under tight deadlines and a
high increase efficiency of aircraft with a minimum increase in its
value. Poleg first on a
test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02) completed June 28, 1998 in
Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny KnAAPO howler. Soon the
fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and then to the State
Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in Akhtubinsk, where
it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets such as the
RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested in this
plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization of
frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force. In
August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black and blue
camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights of the
Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test pilot
car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated excellent
maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to these
indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev. Double
multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the Su-27SK. However,
the deceptive outward similarity lies a very different plane -
multifunction aerial system capable of solving a wide range of
combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The main visible
difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin crew on a"
tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and flight
refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics. Su
-30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in NIIP them.
Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and carries the
possibility of using new high-performance rockets "air-to-middle
range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new optical-radar station,
developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer AAKazamarov). Both
channels have the weapons control system operating modes of the
"air-surface" to ensure the application platform and guided weapons
to destroy ground targets and ground mapping. Complex avionics of
the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB (chief designer of the GI
Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the introduction of a new information
channel, a new generation of on-board computer with the new software
related to the main subsystems of complex avionics and weapons
multiplexed channels of information exchange, and new display system
based on multi-color displays, large format liquid crystal. At the
front dashboard and rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and
one multi-function control panel with LCD display developed by the
RDC. multifunctional fighter is equipped with modernized equipment
onboard defense system that includes a modern electronic
intelligence station, the station's active electronic jamming
devices and passive noise emissions. modernized systems and other
onboard equipment. In the
armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile, "Air-to-air"
R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy ground
targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles Kh-29TE with
television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS medium-range missiles
Kh-59M with a television-command guidance system, responsive bombs
KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television homing, as well as a
variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs caliber 100, 250,
500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs,
containers, small shipments such as KMGU, rockets caliber 80 and 122
mm. Like other versions of the Su-27 aircraft equipped with
rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons placed on 12 hardpoints.
It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and, unlike other variants of
the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with maximum combat load at full
fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to 38000 kg. The increase in
maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a number of chassis and
structural components, design
modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation Sukhoi and
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the which is
currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft. Technical
Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex Knyshev. With
the development of production povoy modifications to KnAAPO first
widely used by information technology, allowed to abandon
labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the surface of
new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic Plaza
Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics), in
order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in early 1999
has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the first
prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999 The
first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got side
number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the first
flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi" Vyacheslav
Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was completed
KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side number
502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory T10PU-5,
1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion of which
should begin later this year Delivery of serial double multi-role
fighters to the customer. Apart
from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau and KnAAPO
over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. provided
for delivery to India in the period 1997-2000. 40
aircraft, dubbed the Su-30MKI. Previously
proposed by the Su-30MK distinguishes them an introduction to the
layout scheme of additional front horizontal tail, and a new power
plant, including the AL-31FN engine with thrust vector control. These
activities are designed to significantly improve aircraft
maneuverability in a dogfight.In addition, the Indian machines will
be revised set of equipment, ensuring effective use of guided
missiles, "air-" F-73E, R-27R1 (T1, ER1, ET1), and RVV-AE, and
guided weapon of class "air-surface" (Kh-59M, X-31A 29T.H, Kh-31P,
etc.). On request, part of the avionics installed on the aircraft
will be western production. Thus,
the Su-30MKI fighters to be used on light background windshield,
inertial and satellite navigation by the French company "sextant
avionics."However, based weapon control system will be a fighter
equipment of Russian origin. The
Su-30MKI will apply multifunction radar NO11M phased array,
developed in NIIP them. Vladimir
Tikhomirov (director I. White, chief designer of the radar
TO.Bekirbaev) for the most advanced aircraft of the Su-27, including single
Su-37 and Su-35UB twin and Su-30MK. The
staff of the Urals Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ, Ekaterinburg),
led by the Director-General ES Yalamov and chief designer, NS
Rakovich for Su-30MKI, a new optical kolokatsionnaya station OLS-30
shakeproof receiver microcryogenic cooling system with extended and
new software.Program Manager for the Su-30MKI is the First Deputy
General Designer of "Sukhoi" E, F, Barkovsky. Assembling
the first instance of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30I-1, Su-30MK-1)
and refined by the requirements of the Indian side of the Su-30 Skid
number 56, was completed in the pilot production of JSC "Sukhoi" in
the spring of 1997, and July 1 of that year, the test pilot VY
Averyanov raised it in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust. In the Su-37
prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection nozzles are strictly
vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the horizontal was
obtained by creating a difference in traction of the left and right
engines. In addition, to
improve the reliability of thrust vector control system of the
AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel systems
taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic system of
aircraft. Experience in
operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its engines can be
operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds under the action
of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds. Design
documentation for production engines AL-31FP transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka
Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" ( Ufa) and MMPP "Salut"
(Moscow), and the release of new power plants with SWT should begin
as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP are completely
interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27, at desire of the
customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy. In
1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06) prepared
a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6), first
flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the first
batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was made
in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and engines
with SWT. It is planned
that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the contract
the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample and sent
before the Su-30K. In
November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented at the
Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists. Unfortunately,
when performing a demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of
the cabin, June 12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of
pilot test VY Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika. At
the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the cause of
the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side. Powered
after contact with the ground crew escape system worked well,
ensuring the safe ejection pilot and navigator at an altitude of
less than 100 m, and the plane crashed on the surface of the
airfield away from the stands, without causing harm to people and
aerodrome buildings. Thus,
any claims to aviation technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99. Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series. Back
in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual modernization of the
Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the Su-27SMK. Plane
was created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment. The
result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK was the
creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit. The layout
of the fuel-filling rods in a production fighter with minimal
changes to the design head of the fuselage (as opposed to the Su-33
and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged construction)
performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested on the Su-27PD
(¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for aerobatic team, AN
kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km. Another
difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the introduction
of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which greatly
improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing when flying
long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR. The
range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided missiles
air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are: *
the introduction of a complex avionics new computational tools and
new software for new modes of combat employment and use of new types
of weapons * upgrade
information-control field cockpit through the introduction of
multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and multifunction
control units; * revision
radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface" and the
expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be equipped
with phased array radar) *
increased to 12 the number of external stations, "the
introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of ground
targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system. Using
the experience gained in developing and testing multi-role fighters
Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under tight deadlines and a
high increase efficiency of aircraft with a minimum increase in its
value. Poleg first on a
test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02) completed June 28, 1998 in
Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny KnAAPO howler. Soon the
fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and then to the State
Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in Akhtubinsk, where
it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets such as the
RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested in this
plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization of
frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force. In
August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black and blue
camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights of the
Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test pilot
car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated excellent
maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to these
indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev. Double
multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the Su-27SK. However,
the deceptive outward similarity lies a very different plane -
multifunction aerial system capable of solving a wide range of
combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The main visible
difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin crew on a"
tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and flight
refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics. Su
-30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in NIIP them.
Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and carries the
possibility of using new high-performance rockets "air-to-middle
range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new optical-radar station,
developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer AAKazamarov). Both
channels have the weapons control system operating modes of the
"air-surface" to ensure the application platform and guided weapons
to destroy ground targets and ground mapping. Complex avionics of
the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB (chief designer of the GI
Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the introduction of a new information
channel, a new generation of on-board computer with the new software
related to the main subsystems of complex avionics and weapons
multiplexed channels of information exchange, and new display system
based on multi-color displays, large format liquid crystal. At the
front dashboard and rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and
one multi-function control panel with LCD display developed by the
RDC. multifunctional fighter is equipped with modernized equipment
onboard defense system that includes a modern electronic
intelligence station, the station's active electronic jamming
devices and passive noise emissions. modernized systems and other
onboard equipment. In the
armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile, "Air-to-air"
R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy ground
targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles Kh-29TE with
television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS medium-range missiles
Kh-59M with a television-command guidance system, responsive bombs
KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television homing, as well as a
variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs caliber 100, 250,
500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs,
containers, small shipments such as KMGU, rockets caliber 80 and 122
mm. Like other versions of the Su-27 aircraft equipped with
rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons placed on 12 hardpoints.
It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and, unlike other variants of
the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with maximum combat load at full
fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to 38000 kg. The increase in
maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a number of chassis and
structural components, design
modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation Sukhoi and
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the which is
currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft. Technical
Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex Knyshev. With
the development of production povoy modifications to KnAAPO first
widely used by information technology, allowed to abandon
labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the surface of
new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic Plaza
Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics), in
order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in early 1999
has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the first
prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999 The
first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got side
number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the first
flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi" Vyacheslav
Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was completed
KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side number
502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory T10PU-5,
1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion of which
should begin later this year Delivery of serial double multi-role
fighters to the customer. Apart
from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau and KnAAPO
over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. was
completed in the pilot production of JSC "Sukhoi" in the spring of
1997, and July 1 of that year, the test pilot VY Averyanov raised it
in the first flight. After
painting the car got a new side number 01. As
single Su-37 aircraft equipped with canards and AL-31FP engines with
controlled (within ± 15 ') thrust vectoring, but in contrast to the
engines used on the Su-37 plane of rotation of each nozzle on the
Su-30MKI was rejected na 32 'from the longitudinal plane of symmetry
of the aircraft, which provided a further improvement in fighter
maneuverability characteristics, as well as its controllability at
near-zero flight speeds, as thus
able to obtain not only the vertical, and lateral component of
thrust. In the Su-37 prototype engines AL-31F with UHT deflection
nozzles are strictly vertical, and time to perform the maneuver, the
horizontal was obtained by creating a difference in traction of the
left and right engines. In
addition, to improve the reliability of thrust vector control system
of the AL-31FP was made autonomous, operating on kerosene, fuel
systems taken from the engine, and did not depend on the hydraulic
system of aircraft. Experience
in operating the Su-37 number 711 revealed that its engines can be
operated with "oil starvation" for about 20 seconds under the action
of near-zero or negative acceleration. To
improve the reliability of the power plant in such flight conditions
on the AL-31FP. compared
to the base of the AL-31F, was significantly altered oil system,
and, in the first place - oil tank engine lubrication system. Oil
tank compartment of a new design has received negative overload,
flexibility intake of oil, prompting valve cover negative
accelerations, cyclone separator oil and air with a special "lock". This
allowed for a reliable supply of oil to lubricate the engine under
the influence of negative and near-zero acceleration term "oil
starvation" when the oil pressure drops to 0 immediately after the
start of the inverted flight, took over the concept of "oil
disease", when oil pressure is kept at a kgf/cm2. These
improvements allow the engine to the AL-31FP normally operate in
near-zero or negative acceleration for at least 30 seconds. Design
documentation for production engines AL-31FP transferred to JSC "A.Lyulka
Saturn" on two companies - JSC "UMPO" ( Ufa) and MMPP "Salut"
(Moscow), and the release of new power plants with SWT should begin
as early as 1999 AL-31F turbofans, and AL-31FP are completely
interchangeable, so any modifications of the Su-27, at desire of the
customer, may be equipped with shock wave therapy. In
1998, on the basis of experimental T10PU-6 (side number 06) prepared
a second flight model of the Su-30MKI fighters (Su-30MK-6), first
flew on March 23, 1998 In accordance with the agreement, the first
batch of 8 aircraft, set in India in the spring of 1997, was made
in the version of the Su-30K and have not had a CHR and engines
with SWT. It is planned
that from 1999, the customer will receive a car under the contract
the final configuration, and will refine them on the sample and sent
before the Su-30K. In
November 1998, the Su-30MKI number 01 was first presented at the
Aero Air Show -India-98 in Bangalore. Its
European premiere was held at Le Bourget in June 1999, aircraft
promised to be "nail" the flight display of the Paris exhibition. Indeed
supersonic fighter, the Su-30MKI equal in terms of maneuverability,
the world no longer exists. Unfortunately,
when performing a demonstration flight on the eve of the opening of
the cabin, June 12, 1999, the plane crashed, the crew consisting of
pilot test VY Averyanova and co-pilot ejected safely VH.Shendrika. At
the conclusion of a joint Russian-French commission, the cause of
the accident became unfavorable confluence of objective and
subjective reasons, which resulted in the pilot when the unique
maneuver "controlled flat spin" in an effort to stay in the area
allowed for flight, made a loss of altitude control. After
completing the third, not under the flight program, the downward
spiral, the height of the stock is not sufficient for the safe
withdrawal of the aircraft from the ground, and the Su-30MKI in the
process of reducing the backlog of output nozzle of the left engine
of the airfield surface, causing the destruction of the nozzle and
the fuel line and a fire engine . After
contact with the ground plane gained altitude 60-70 m, and, being
almost unmanageable and lost speed in the vertical set, began
zavalivatsya on the left side. Powered
after contact with the ground crew escape system worked well,
ensuring the safe ejection pilot and navigator at an altitude of
less than 100 m, and the plane crashed on the surface of the
airfield away from the stands, without causing harm to people and
aerodrome buildings. Thus,
any claims to aviation technology was not expressed. Moreover,
it was noted that the possible consequences of such accidents happen
with it in any other plane (non-thrust vector control system), would
have been much more severe. Special
praise expressed in the address of the rescue crew with seats
K-36DM, has demonstrated its high reliability in critical
situations.Therefore, in spite of the fears of some foreign experts,
the event in Le Bourget, had no effect on the performance of
contractual obligations of Russia to India. A
Hero of Russia Vyacheslav Averyanov, according to the General
Designer of OKB Sukhoi, MP Simon, "fully rehabilitated himself,"
repeated many times, and delicately, "Paris," program during the
demonstration flights of the Moscow Air Show MAKS-99 on the
remaining second copy of the Su-30MKI with number 06. It
is worth noting that the flights at Zhukovsky Averyanova in August
1999 became the general view, the most impressive number of demo-MAX
99. Since the late 90s. Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Aircraft Production Association - the only manufacturer of
single-seat fighters Su-27 has released the entire fleet of Su-27,
consisting of the Air Force, Russia, CIS and other foreign countries
- in cooperation with the Sukhoi Design Bureau is actively involved
in several programs development and production of the modernized
fighter Su-30 series. Back
in 1995 KnAAPO announced the launch of gradual modernization of the
Su-27SK, received at the time dubbed the Su-27SMK. Plane
was created to combine the relatively low cost of well-known
international customers of the Su-27SK and a number of design
improvements that have been domesticated for KnAAPO in the release
of the initial batch of Su-35. Su-27SMK
program was aimed at further increasing the range and duration of
the flight the fighter and make it multi-purpose attributes by
equipping new weapons and better equipment. The
result of the first phase of modernization of the Su-27SK was the
creation in 1998, single front (tactical) Su- 30KI. While
maintaining high structural continuity with the serial Su-27SK new
machine has several features which, according to its creators,
should improve the competitiveness of the aircraft in the world
market. Unlike the
prototype, the Su-30KI equipped with a system of in-flight refueling
boom with a sliding-toplivopriemnikom placed on the left in front of
the cockpit. The layout
of the fuel-filling rods in a production fighter with minimal
changes to the design head of the fuselage (as opposed to the Su-33
and Su-35, where a bar was originally envisaged construction)
performed by specialists KnAAPO and was first tested on the Su-27PD
(¹ 37-20, side number 598), which was built for aerobatic team, AN
kvochur. Su-30KI
Refueling can be done from tanker planes Il-78, similar or any other
fighter aircraft, equipped with a standardized suspension unit
charging type of ORM, and flight speed 450-650 km / h at 2000-8000
m. The rate of pumping fuel in 2300 l / min. Air
refueling increases the range of the Su-30KI, and during his flight. So
even a refueling increases range from 3680 to 6400 km. Another
difference between the Su-30KI of the Su-27SK was the introduction
of its satellite navigation receiver equipment, which greatly
improves the accuracy of aircraft navigation and bombing when flying
long distances. In
addition, the aircraft is equipped with a navigation system and
approach pas landing beacon ILS / VOR. The
range of the Su-30KI armament supplemented by guided missiles
air-to-air medium-range RVV-AE active radar homing. The
maximum weight of payload the aircraft is 8,000 kg. In
addition to missiles R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), F-73E and RVV-AE,
it is composed of bombs caliber 250 and 500 kg of various types,
incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs and rockets caliber 80 and 122 mm. Su-30KI
consider the "Sukhoi" and KnAAPO as the first stage of modernization
of the Su-27SK. In what
is supposed to work to expand the combat capabilities of fighter
aircraft in the "air-to-air" and "air-to-surface," The main points
of this program are: *
the introduction of a complex avionics new computational tools and
new software for new modes of combat employment and use of new types
of weapons * upgrade
information-control field cockpit through the introduction of
multi-colored indicators on liquid crystals and multifunction
control units; * revision
radar sighting system for the regime, "air-surface" and the
expansion of military capabilities in the "air- air "(to be equipped
with phased array radar) *
increased to 12 the number of external stations, "the
introduction into the arms of controlled destruction of ground
targets - short-range missiles and Kh-29T responsive bombs
KAB-KAB-500Kr and 1500Kr with TV heads homing, anti-radar missiles
Kh-31P with passive radar homing, medium-range missiles Kh-59M with
a television-command guidance system. Using
the experience gained in developing and testing multi-role fighters
Su-35 and Su-30MK can perform this work under tight deadlines and a
high increase efficiency of aircraft with a minimum increase in its
value. Poleg first on a
test flight of the Su-30KI (¹ 40-02) completed June 28, 1998 in
Komsomolsk-on-Amur test pilot Yevgeny KnAAPO howler. Soon the
fighter was transferred to LII airfield, and then to the State
Flight Test Center Air Force them. VPTckalov in Akhtubinsk, where
it, in particular, were carried out firing rockets such as the
RVV-AE. The Russian Defense Ministry was very interested in this
plane, considering it as a reference for the modernization of
frontline Sukhoi Su-27 Russian Air Force. In
August 1999, the Su-30KI, received distinctive gray-black and blue
camouflage, took part in a program of demonstration flights of the
Moscow International Aerospace Show MAKS-99. piloted by test pilot
car Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev demonstrated excellent
maneuverability and aerobatic aircraft, which according to these
indicators today has no equal among the foreign fighters. In
November of that year, the Su-30KI shown at LIMA '99 exhibition in
Malaysia. Demonstration flights brilliantly executed pilot Test "Sukhoi"
Hero of Russia Igor Votintsev. Double
multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK and is based on the Su-27SK. However,
the deceptive outward similarity lies a very different plane -
multifunction aerial system capable of solving a wide range of
combat missions in the "air- "and" air-surface ". The main visible
difference from the basic machine - is a double cabin crew on a"
tandem ", borrowed from the Su-35 vertical stabilizer and flight
refueling system. Much more dramatic changes have occurred in
aircraft avionics. Su
-30MKK equipped with upgraded radar N001VE developed in NIIP them.
Vladimir Tikhomirov (chief engineer VK Grishin), and carries the
possibility of using new high-performance rockets "air-to-middle
range" RVV-AE active radar homing, and a new optical-radar station,
developed in CDB "Geophysics" (chief designer AAKazamarov). Both
channels have the weapons control system operating modes of the
"air-surface" to ensure the application platform and guided weapons
to destroy ground targets and ground mapping. Complex avionics of
the Su-30MKK developed Ramenskoye KB (chief designer of the GI
Dzhapdzhgava) and provides for the introduction of a new information
channel, a new generation of on-board computer with the new software
related to the main subsystems of complex avionics and weapons
multiplexed channels of information exchange, and new display system
based on multi-color displays, large format liquid crystal. At the
front dashboard and rear cabin is set on two of the indicator, and
one multi-function control panel with LCD display developed by the
RDC. multifunctional fighter is equipped with modernized equipment
onboard defense system that includes a modern electronic
intelligence station, the station's active electronic jamming
devices and passive noise emissions. modernized systems and other
onboard equipment. In the
armament of the Su-30MKK includes a guided missile, "Air-to-air"
R-27R1 (ER1), R-27T1 (ET1), P -73E, RVV-AE. to destroy ground
targets, the aircraft can be used short-range missiles Kh-29TE with
television homing, anti-radar missiles X-31TS medium-range missiles
Kh-59M with a television-command guidance system, responsive bombs
KAB-500Kr and KAB-1500Kr with television homing, as well as a
variety of guided weapons. It may include bombs caliber 100, 250,
500 and 1500 kg of various types, incendiary tanks, Cluster bombs,
containers, small shipments such as KMGU, rockets caliber 80 and 122
mm. Like other versions of the Su-27 aircraft equipped with
rapid-firing gun. Missile and bomber weapons placed on 12 hardpoints.
It has a maximum weight of 8,000 kg, and, unlike other variants of
the Su-27 Su-30MKK can take off with maximum combat load at full
fuel tanks. takeoff weight with up to 38000 kg. The increase in
maximum takeoff weight gain necessitated a number of chassis and
structural components, design
modifications of the Su-30MKK done in close cooperation Sukhoi and
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, the which is
currently unfolding serial production of such aircraft. Technical
Program Manager is the chief designer of "Sukhoi" Alex Knyshev. With
the development of production povoy modifications to KnAAPO first
widely used by information technology, allowed to abandon
labor-intensive production models of the plasma and the surface of
new aircraft structural components. Thus, the electronic Plaza
Su-30MKK were performed in the AutoCAD, and three-dimensional
electronic model of a double cockpit canopy - in the Yunigrafiks (Unigraphics), in
order to create the Su-30MKK, the Design Bureau Sukhoi in early 1999
has been prepared prototype T10PU- 5, who in his time the first
prototype Su-30. A machine used for testing of new avionics,
including cockpit display system povoy. The first flight of the
modified T10PU-5 was carried out at the airport Flight Research
Institute. Gromov 9 March 1999 The
first production single multipurpose fighter Su-30MKK, got side
number 501, was built on KnAAPO spring 1999 and raised in the first
flight from the factory airfield test pilot "Sukhoi" Vyacheslav
Averyanov May 19 of that year. summer 1999 production was completed
KnAAPO assembly of the second Su-30MKK, received the side number
502. Both machines together with the flying laboratory T10PU-5,
1999-2000. were tested at the airfield FRI, upon completion of which
should begin later this year Delivery of serial double multi-role
fighters to the customer. Apart
from the series aircraft Su-30 and Sukhoi Design Bureau and KnAAPO
over the past few years was worked and a number of other
modifications that are intended for foreign customers. It is
possible that may soon be new versions of the Su-30, take into
account wishes of potential buyers. This is evidenced by the
interest shown to the planes of the Su-27 Air Force representatives
from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa.
-----------
-
Reducing the fleet of fighter aircraft and increasing demands
for them, the greater length of air space and a small number of
available airfields in northern Russia, as well as lack of air
command and AEW made Sukhoi designers do the design of a new
specialized interceptors based training and combat aircraft Su-27UB.
Single machine operating experience has shown that in modern air
combat is too high load on the pilot, caused by the need to
maneuver and simultaneous control of complex weapons. This
issue was fully applicable to the Su-27. which
is the same thing. having
substantial stockpiles of fuel. respectively,
long flight, was able to fairly "wear out" pilot even before a
combat mission.
In addition, the advanced features on-board electronic systems
are so vast that a single pilot in a maneuvering fight
physically difficult to implement them fully. To
his relief required a second crew member, a cabin that would
have duplicate controls. The
presence of a co-pilot made it possible for the crew during
long-term presence in the air to operate more efficiently and
effectively. The
first pilot could fly a plane and carry weapons and melee
combat, and the second - to solve problems and ranged to monitor
the air situation, and lead group fighting (ie, to serve as
airborne command posts). For
this second cabin was required to equip the tactical situation
indicator and other instruments. Having
a second crew member (pilot-operator) must have help to improve
the combat capabilities of the machine, and psychological
factors influencing the long flight crew It is very urgent
became the need to establish systems for fighter air refueling
Work on creating a double war machine that has these
capabilities, began in Sukhoi in mid 80's he was appointed Head
of the topic AND Emelianov, now chief designer of OKB basic
machine for a new project was the Su-27UB, which had a two-seat
cockpit and a large internal
fuel capacity and the ten points of the suspension arms
immediate prototype for the development of a new version of the
fighter-interceptor aircraft served as the pilot laboratory
T-10U-2, equipped with a system of air refueling Long flights
taken on this machine in 1987-1988 convinced the designers the
opportunity to improve
the combat capabilities of serial interceptor Su-27P for testing
a new concept in the summer and autumn of 1988 at IAPA,
mass-produced Su-27UB, by the staff of the Irkutsk branch of the
Sukhoi Design Bureau (under the guidance in Makritskogo) and
local experts were completed two combat-capable trainer aircraft
built in Irkutsk have
received in the bureau codes T-10PU-5 and T-10PU-6, and at the
factory - the product "10-4PU" Machines equipped with air
refueling system, a new navigation system, upgraded remote
control systems (CDS) and control arms (SUV )
Both aircraft were painted in standard blue color, the first of
them had a blue tail number "05". and
the second - the blue "06".
To perform a number of manufacturing operations in the
construction of a new modification of fighter-interceptor needed
to design and fabricate a special tool is no less difficult was
the location of new types of systems and equipment in the old
"shell" serial glider with this task team Irkutsk aircraft
manufacturers coped for six months.
In the autumn of 1988 at the IAIA began testing the first
prototypes of these samples of new machines obletyvali test
pilots IAPA - GE Bulanov, VB Maksimenko, CB Makarov and NN
Ivanov Further work was carried out in LII Gromov M M by a new
aerodynamic configuration Interceptor
is almost indistinguishable from its predecessor, the Su-27UB,
so he has inherited almost all of its flight and tactical
characteristics and high reliability on the results of flight
tests of the upgraded machine was made a government decision to
deploy their production at IAPA under the designation Su-30 .
Preparation of production posed a number of challenges in front
of professionals combining work was led by Deputy Chief Engineer
for the construction of S P Faberovsky, Chief Technology Officer
And A Obraztsov and chief standard-design department (SD) BA
Gudkov immediate general management exercised the chief engineer
(later CEO and President IAPO)
AI Fedorov Departure of the first production copies of the Su-30
(serial ╧ 01-01, factory ╧ 79,371,010,101) on 14 April 1992
(test pilots GE Bulanov and VM Maksimenko) great contribution to
the testing of new products have a military pilot Test
of class 1 in the mountainous Colonel (later awarded the title
"Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation"), and LH pilots
and bold And in Matushin.
Hard-won engineering services IAPA, in particular engineers
aggregate-assembly and assembly and test plants, as well as
designers of standard deviation was a unique aircraft in
contrast to the single Su-27P series Su-30 was designed to:
-
superiority in the air
-
driving on patrol and escort aircraft of
strategic aviation,
-
radar watch, guidance and control,
-
training of flight personnel.
Su-30 is able to address all training and
operational missions of the Su-27UB and thus have given
additional opportunities to:
-
carry out combat activities related to the very
large range and flight duration,
more effective management of a group of fighters.Extending
the range of abilities of the Su-30 by installing the following
new systems
-
system in-flight refueling,
-
Radio Range Navigation
-
Extended control equipment group actions,
-
advanced life support systems.
Su-30 is fully retained aerobatic qualities of its
predecessors - for single combat and combat-training two-seater
fighter (he is also able to perform dynamic braking - "Pugachev
Cobra"), and by the installation of new types of missiles and
weapons control system greatly increased the combat effectiveness of
the internal fuel
capacity (9400 kg) provided a range of 3,600 km, while refueling in
the air a flight to "thirty" dependent only on the physiological
capabilities of the crew (after consultation with medical scientists
stay in the air the aircraft is limited to 10 hours) to provide
pilotscomfortable conditions for interceptor installed some
additional equipment service.
However, due to economic difficulties and the collapse of the
USSR-scale production of the Su-30 aircraft was conducted very
slowly released in small amounts received in terms of air defense of
Russia.
The first two production aircraft (full factory 79,371,010,101
79,371,010,102 and) after the completion of the tests were given
aerobatic group A. kvochur in LII (paid for their insurance company
"Jupiter"). Aircraft with
white tail number "596" and "597" were painted in red, blue and
white colors and has repeatedly demonstrated during various airshows.
The first big public appearance the group, and, in particular,
Anatoly Kvochur was held in 1992 during the first Air Show in
Zhukovsky. In addition to
showing a single and a pair of aerobatics was demonstrated
simulation of simultaneous in-flight refueling of three aircraft
(two - from a group of experienced and Su-27IB) from the prototype
flying tankers Il-78M (USSR-76 701). Since
then, Anatoly Kvochur and pilots groups have become regular
participants of various air shows in Russia and abroad. They
opened their lectures and demonstration flights at MAKS-97 at
Zhukovsky (Su-30 board "597." And Su-27PD, board the "598"). MAKS-97
refueling simulation demonstrated the Su-30 with tail number "597"
from the Su-24M with a suspended refueling unit ORM.
Just a few production vehicles received the 148th Combat Center and
retraining of pilots and PPI PLC aircraft defense forces in
Savasleyke. Among these
aircraft have been instances of the blue tail number "50" (full
factory 96,310,107,035) "52" (96310107023), "53" (96,310,104,007)
and "54" (╧ 96,310,104,010). as
well as with the blue hull number "51" (96,310,107,037). The
cars were produced in 1994-1996, IAPA. Two
of these planes (with tail number "52" and "54") participated in an
international airshow RIAT'97 .16 in July 1997 with the staging of
the Kaliningrad region Chkalovsk they flew to Britain, accompanied
by the Il-76 transport. Three
hours later, the group landed in Feyrforde. The
Russian military pilots confidently demonstrated the potential of
the Su-30. Machines were
of great interest both at the ground of the show, and when the
flight crew of Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel Eugene Tikhomirov,
Mikhail Romanov.
In July 1998, 12 pilots of the 148 PPI and PLC in the six crews (two
fighter-interceptor MiG-31B and four Su-30) under the guidance of
well-deserved military pilot in Russia, deputy head of the Center
for Colonel Martin Karapetian participated in a special joint flight to
explore the possibility of military aircraft of the MiG-31B and
Su-30 flying a maximum duration (10 hours) with refueling in the
air, performing live firing on the range Ashuluk (southern Russia)
and simulated interception of aircraft "imaginary enemy" tonorthern
Russia. In addition to
interceptors in flight involved an AEW A-50 and two tanker aircraft
Il-78. A-50 patrolled in
a designated area, watched the air situation in the large space and
kept all the fighters in a single group. A
pair of MiG-31 B, coming from the airport to Pravdinsk (north of
Nizhny Novgorod), was a front-line, showing their unique locator
target at a distance of 200 km and passing on information about
these pilots of the Su-30. High-speed
and highly maneuverable Su-30, following the 60 km of the MiG-31B,
were prepared to immediately attack the enemy. Flight
path length of 8,500 km was paved in the European part of Russia in
the 10 hours of crew performed three refueling. Information
support of research conducted on board the flight, the A-50 Faced
with the crews of the problem were worked out in different combat
formations.
In the summer of 1999 in a joint command post exercises and
long-range fighter Russian Air Force pilots of the 148 pulp and
paper and accompanied by PLC strategic bombers Tu-95MS and Tu-160
flying in the far north to the island of Novaya Zemlya. In
similar research exercises, held a little earlier, in early April
1999, the crews of interceptor SU-30 and MiG-31B spent in the air 8
hours following the in-flight refueling 12.
On the basis of a fighter-interceptor Su-30 was designed an export
version, designated Su-30K (commercial). Of
aircraft intended for use in air defense of Russia, the car was not
significantly different composition of the equipment. Planes
of this type were later delivered in India.
Party wishing to procure similar fighters, and Indonesia. Once
the procurement plan F-16 it failed, the Air Force of Indonesia
expressed their intention to buy from Russia 20 Su-30K. As
did high-ranking Indonesian military, machines of this type was the
most economical, efficient and had the highest combat radius of the
four considered types of fighters. In
the first phase planned to buy 12 aircraft. Negotiations
on this issue, however, were not completed. During
the talks, the Indonesian side spoke of the possibility of acquiring
single version of the Su-30, which (as mentioned above) was built on
KnAAPO (Su-30KI); negotiations are ongoing.
The main consumer of the Su-30 aircraft was to be the Air Defense
Forces, which fully realized the concept could capture and
long-range aircraft patrols. But
in the early 90s to adopt the Russian Air Force began to receive
highly accurate missiles air-to-surface and "air-ship." All
the leading aviation design bureau engaged in the development of
Russia for the carriers of weapons. Similar
work was carried out in the Sukhoi Design Bureau.
The main difference from the Su-27UB:
installed in-flight refueling boom produced with a
predkabinnom compartment on the left;
has a special communication equipment and guidance, on the dashboard
of the rear cockpit mounted widescreen television LED tactical
situation.
Technical details:
The plane was
built by the normal aerodynamic configuration and has a so-called
integrated layout. Sredneraspolozhennym
trapezoidal wing of a small extension, equipped with the influx of
developed smoothly mates with the fuselage, forming a single
carrying case. Two
turbojet engine with afterburner-type AL-31F engines placed in
separate nacelles, established under the lifting body aircraft at a
distance from each other, allowing them to avoid aerodynamic
interference and hang between them in a "tandem" two-tank guided
missiles. Supersonic
adjustable air vents are located under the center section.
Chassis fairing smoothly into the tail boom, serving platforms to
install all-moving horizontal tail consoles with a straight axis,
dvuhkilevogo diversity on boards outside the vertical stabilizer
tail beams and podbalochnyh ridges.
The plane is designed on the concept of "electronic stability" and
has no traditional mechanical control wiring in the longitudinal
channel - instead it uses wire control system (CDS). Tricycle
landing gear, retractable, with one wheel on each pole.
Fuselage mate with integrally krylomi technologically divided into
the following main parts:
-
head of the fuselage (GCHF) with radio waves cowl
flap niche nose landing gear and canopy of the crew;
-
the middle part of the fuselage (FES) to the
brake shield and the main landing gear doors;
-
tail of the fuselage (HCHF);
-
air intakes.
At the head of an all-metal semi-monocoque fuselage construction,
which begins radio waves axisymmetric radome antenna onboard radar
is forward equipment bay, which houses components of the radar
sighting system (RLPK) and electro-optical sighting system (OEPS)
cockpit, and podkabinnye zakabinny equipment bays ,
niche cleaning the nose landing gear with a sash.
In the fore part of the fairing is installed radar detector main bar
air pressure (CVP).Rama motoblock radar with an antenna can be
rotated about its suspension units on the front of the cockpit to
provide access to blocks OEPS.
To access the antenna and radar motoblock in-service power butt
frame between the nasal compartment and the radio waves fairing is
made oblique, and radiotransparent fairing with a metal skirt -
deflected upward.
Crew Cab, made under the "tandem" is sealed and has a two-piece lamp
consisting of a fixed hood and a total for the two pilots of opening
up and dumped back part (leaf).
Rear seat pilot elevated relative to the front, which, combined with
a large area of glazing canopy provides a good overview of both
crew members on all sides.
Jobs pilots are equipped with ejection seats K-36DM 2nd series. Before
canopy with a shift to the right of the axis of the aircraft mounted
viewfinder optical radar station, and on the sides of the fuselage
in the rear of the cabin - emergency (backup) LDPE. In
predkabinnom compartment on the left rail system is available
manufactured in-flight refueling.
In podkabinnyh compartments (central and two side) available power
electronic equipment. Head
of the fuselage ends zakabinny compartment, which on standard racks
and shelves depreciated placed the bulk of electronic equipment, as
well as ammunition box with gun ammunition.
In zakabinnom bay head of the fuselage is a niche nose landing gear,
retractable forward; damper strut with wheel and other elements of
the front support structures are put in the retracted position
between racks of electronic equipment.
To protect the avionics compartment at zakabinnogo released the nose
landing gear from the oncoming airflow during takeoff and landing
installed protective covers, and in the process of servicing
electronic equipment, these covers are removed, and the volume
occupied niche nose landing gear, turns into operational compartment
that allows for inspection, inspection
and replacement of shelves, shelving units and individual units of
equipment.
By the walls of the compartment adjacent zakabinnogo right and left
wing nodules (boule). On
the right is an influx of built-firing gun of 30 mm caliber
ammunition from the supply system, ejection and collection of links;
ammunition box with ammunition installed across zakabinnogo
compartment and is part of the influx and zakabinnogo compartment at
the head of the closing of the fuselage bulkhead behind the nose
landing gear. In the
right influx made special slots and louvers for cooling the gun, but
to protect the skin from the hot gases during firing in the vicinity
of the cut trunk of a screen of heat-resistant steel. The
left wing of the influx of units are blocks of aircraft systems and
avionics.
The head of the fuselage on the design of a semi-monocoque all-metal
with a surface integral form, with the closing of the junction of
technological frames. The
power circuit is formed by the head of the fuselage cross-set
(frames), and running casing, reinforced by a longitudinal set -
stringers and spars.
The middle part of the fuselage layout is divided into the following
sections of technological units,:
-
anterior-compartment fuel tank, located on the
symmetry axis of the aircraft fuselage section between the bow
and the center section, fuel tank design consists of upper and
lower panels, front and side walls and bulkheads, the bottom
surface of the tank compartment mounted units with air intakes
and docking mounts pylon for
the suspension arms on the upper surface - parts are brake pads
and the hydraulic cylinder control its release and cleaning;
-
center section (the main unit carrying aircraft)
that is used as the fuel tank compartment with three side walls
and a number of ribs, the ribs on the end have to comb the
junction with the wing panels, on the lower surface of center
mounts are the main landing gear, nacelles engine pylon
suspension arms,
upper and lower surfaces of the center-in the form of panels
(upper panel - riveted aluminum alloy, the bottom - welded from
sheets and a set of profiles of a titanium alloy);
-
gargrot, which is a power unit, designed to house
communications equipment and installation; gargrot located above
the front tank compartment, and the center section and the
section is divided into three parts - a central and two lateral,
part of the front fairings, fuel tank compartment is occupied by
a hydraulic cylinder and brake shield the
harvest-release, for secure communications, taking place in
fairings under braking guard, from the air flow when released by
brake pads mounted beneath protective covers;
-
front compartment of center (right and left)
situated along the outside of the front fuel tank, cover and
consisting of a center-socks and niches main landing gear
wheels.
On the upper surface of the FES is set deflected through the
membrane hydraulic brake shield large (2.6 m?) Area. The
deflection angle of the shield (up) 54?. Release
the brake shield is used to reduce speed during landing approach and
during combat maneuvering instrumentation at speeds up to 1000 km /
h.
The tail of the fuselage layout is divided into the
following sections of technological units,:
-
two power engine nacelles, layout divided into
two parts (the middle parts of the engine nacelles and engine
compartment);
-
tail boom, adjacent to the outer sides of the
nacelles and cowls are a continuation of the main landing gear,
serving platform for installation tail plane;
-
the central beam of the fuselage, which includes
the central equipment bay, the rear fuel tank, compartment,
ending the central girders with a container of brake parachutes
and side fins.
In the middle parts of the engine nacelles located under the center
section, air channels are engines on the power of each bend the
middle of the set of lock available from the main landing gear,
located on the bottom of the pylon mounts the suspension arms, the
upper outer corners are units of communication and aircraft systems.
In the engine compartment mounted engines AL-31F engines with
overhead motor units, between the last wall of the center wing and
motor units in the "shadow" of the center-mounted boxes Daughter
aircraft units - one in each engine compartment, and on each remote
box airborne units, connected to propeller shaft with gear motor box
units installed turbine starter - autonomous energouzel type
GTDE-117-1, an alternator, water pump and fuel pump.
To force frames, the closing engine compartment, removable docks
cook. Engine mounted in
the engine compartment, removed from an aircraft with a special
truck traffic back-and-down, for the replacement engine tail spinner
is removable, and the last two power engine compartment bulkhead,
including the trailing - sited. When
dismantling the engine box Remote units remain on the plane, which
reduces replacement engines.Performance hatches for accessing remote
boxes of aircraft components and engines of basic units are located
in the top of the engine compartment.
Semi-monocoque nacelle are working with the scheme covering,
supported by a cross-set (frames) and a set of longitudinal
(stringers).
The back of the tail beams (left and right) holds the power, on the
upper surface of the fixture is equipped with a vertical tail
stabilizer and boosters are installed on the lower surface - mounts
podbalochnyh ridges, and at the ends - the suspension and drive
assemblies horizontal tail. The
left and right beams before they are placed part of the power
sections of aircraft equipment. In
the central compartment of the central tail boom are units of
aircraft equipment and systems for the power plant.
The central beam has two end and three intermediate power wall,
connecting the power ribs separated engine nacelles, the bottom
surface of the central beam mounted pylon mounts suspension arms.
In the ending of the central beam placed parachute-brake setup. To
ensure the release of the brake parachute cover folds up ending. In
the production process in aircraft structure have been several
changes, in particular, was lengthened and widened rear fins, which
were deployed device passive noise emissions.
Adjustable air vents engines rectangular wing placed under the
influx and have produced a grid that prevents ingress of foreign
objects into the engines during takeoff and landing. Location
braking surface of the air intake - a horizontal, wedge brake moved
away from the surface of the lifting body, and between the wing and
a wedge formed by the slit to drain the boundary layer.
Mechanization of the air intakes - movable panels and shutters
controlled wedge feeding on the bottom surface. Adjustable
three-wedge air intake consists of interconnected front and rear
movable panels. The front
panel is the second and third stages of the wedge brake air intake,
rear movable panel forms a movable upper wall of the diffuser
zagorlovogo air channel. Safety
net in the retracted position is on the lower surface of the duct. Release
of the grid is carried out against the flow, the axis of rotation is
located at the throat of the diffuser section of the canal.
Blinds are feeding on the outside bottom of the inlet zone in
placing protective netting.Shutters "floating", ie opening
and closing under pressure drop. They
can be opened with as tidy grid, and when released. Optimal
inhibition of supersonic flow in the diffuser inlet is provided
through an adjustable components in its calculated position of the
automatic air intake control system such as ART-40A. On
the side air intakes mounted antenna station warning of exposure.
Cantilever wing. Detachable
parts (the console) has a wing sweep angle on the leading edge of 42
deg. Aspect ratio 3.5,
the restriction of - 3.4. Mechanization
is presented deflected flaperons area 4.9 m2, performing functions
of flaps and ailerons, and a double swivel toes area 4.6 m2. Deflection
angles flaperons 35 ...- 20 degrees, socks - 30 deg. Issue
flaperons and rejection of socks made on takeoff and landing, and
maneuvering with the air speed to 860 km / h.
Structurally, each wing consists of a power caisson, fore and aft
parts, mechanization, and the ending. Power
caisson consists of three walls, top and bottom panels and ribs.Part
of the caisson is made airtight and forms a fuel tank compartment. The
upper and lower panels prefabricated caisson. The
bow of the console located between the front spar and caisson and is
designed to accommodate communications and control units turning
toe. The tail portion
with the rear wall of the caisson and is used for placement of
communication and control units flaperons.
Reinforced ribs on each console has three components through the
pylons for suspension arms. At
the ends of the wingtips installed comb attachment for another
starter for the guided missile air-to-air melee. Instead,
the latter to the ends of the wing can be mounted containers with
equipment REP. Two-piece
swivel sock naveshen the console to loop poles with a ramrod. Structurally,
the sock lining and consists of a power set consisting of a spar and
diaphragms. One-turning
flaperon hung on brackets on the console aft of the wing and is
controlled by hydraulic cylinders.
The power plant consists of two aircraft turbojet engine with
afterburner AL-31F engines, air intake with adjustable panels, doors
recharge, air channels, the control system ART-40A system and motor
protection against foreign objects, cooling, drainage, and prompting
engines, remote box units
with gas turbine starters - power unit GTDE-117-1, a fuel system
fire protection system and engine control systems.
Armament plane is divided into small arms and cannon and missiles. Small
arms and cannons provided built-in automatic single-barrel gun,
rapid-fire 30 mm type GS-301, installed in the influx of the right
half-wing with 150 rounds ammunition. Missiles
placed on the aircraft launching devices (APU) and aircraft ejection
devices (AKU), suspended on 10 points: 4 - under the wing panels, 2
- under the wing tips, 2 - under the engine nacelles and 2 - under
the center section between the pods (the scheme "tandem").
On the plane can be suspended up to 6 missiles "air-air"
medium-range R-27 with semi-active radar (P-27R) or thermal (R-27T),
homing, and their modifications with Extended Range (R-27ER ,
R-27ET). On four
underwing nodes can be hung near a maneuverable missiles battle with
thermal homing R-73.
|
Su-30K
|
commercial version of the two-seater
fighter-interceptor based on the Su-27UB from flight
refueling system and satellite navigation (GPS); being
manufactured commercially in the CPP "Irkut" and shipped
in India in the number of 18 machines, which in 2004
will be upgraded to Su- 30MKI.
empty weight 17 700 kg |
|
Su-30MK
|
modernized
version for the commercial.
|
|
Su -30MKI
|
multifunctional
two-seat fighter with canards and a motor with thrust
vectoring, with the "internationalist" composition of
the avionics (Russia-France-Israel-India), with a new
radar "Leopard" (H-011M) with a passive phased array
(PFAR), and extendedarmament air-to-air and
"air-surface", will be manufactured under license in
India (140 aircraft for 18 years without the right to
re-export). In
2004, the SPC "Irkut" plans to complete the delivery of
planes on the "deliverable" contract to complete all the
tests receive a certificate of airworthiness and begin
delivery of the first aircraft (3-5 cars) on the first
phase of the production license.
âåñ íîðìàëüíûé
25700 êã
âåñ ïóñòîãî: 25700
(íîðìàëüíûé) - 570(2Ð-77+2Ð-73) - 5270(òîïëèâî) -
200(ïèëîòû) = 19660 êã (ñíàðÿæåííûé ñ ÀÊÓ/ÀÏÓ)
|
|
Su-30MKK
|
two-seat
fighter, no canards, with extended capabilities for
ground targets, to Naval Air China, N001M radar upgraded
radar N001VE. In
January 2003, signed a contract to supply 24 cars to
more than $ 1 mlrd.dol., Based on KnAAPO.
weight 24 900 kg of normal
empty weight: 24900 (normal) - 570 (2F-77 2 P-73) - 5270
(fuel) - 200 (pilots) = 18 860 kg (fitted out with ACU /
ACU)
|
|
Su-30MKK-2 (Su-30MK2)
|
multifunctional
two-seat fighter with the radar, "Panda" SH101VEP
(control arms), with a modernized system display on the
windshield, with an additional signal processor
"baguette" and the new linear receiver - allows you to
use the new ammunition with precise pointing, with
enhanced activities on marine purposes,
in August 2003, signed an intergovernmental agreement
for the supply of aircraft for the party Naval Air
China.The construction is performed on KnAAPO.
maximum weight 38 800 kg
loading weight 8000 kg
9640 kg Fuel weight
empty weight 20 960 kg 38800-8000-9640-200 = (weight in
running order with APU / ARK and DB)
|
|
Su-30MKK-3 (Su-30MK3)
|
multifunctional
two-seat fighter with a new lineup of equipment,
including with
the development of new radar NIIP them. VV Tikhomirov
or radar "Zhuk-ITU", NIIR "Fazotron" (in development).
|
|
Su-30MKM
|
multifunctional
two-seat fighter (like the Su-30MKI), but with a
different set of avionics (excludes equipment supplied
by Israel to the Su-30MKI √ display system on the
windshield and electro-optical sighting system) extends
the French part of √ equipment company Thales. This
aircraft is invited to Malaysia, the supply agreement is
for five years, 18 Su-30MKM worth about one mlrd.dol. initialed
in 2003, Malaysia for the supply of aircraft pays
currency. Of
these funds 30% of the value of the contract will be
carried out counter Russia's purchasing of high
commodities in Malaysia. On
the 7th international exhibition of aerospace and marine
engineering, "LIMA-2003," Su-30MKI was presented the
premiere of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad, in a
demonstration flight on an airplane flew Malaysian Air
Force pilot Ashmahari. Construction
of aircraft will be manufactured at RPC "Irkut".
Su-30KI
|
|
Su-30KI
|
single-seat
fighter based on the Su-27SK with the system in-flight
refueling; installed satellite navigation system A-737
(GLONASS and NAVSTAR) and short-range navigation VOR,
ILS and DME; developed for Indonesia. Developed
in the 1997 contract for the purchase of Indonesia's 12
aircraft Su-30 (8 x Su-30KI, 4 double Su-30MK) has been
postponed (because of the financial crisis in Southeast
Asia).Nevertheless, the prototype was built KnAAPO
Su-30KI, who in 1998 was on the flight testing.
|
|
Su-30KN
|
two-seat
fighter based on the Su-30K with upgraded avionics and
radar composition with an additional stand-alone radar
channel; upgrade option offered SPC "Irkut" and ZAO OKB
"Russian Avionics".
|
|
Ñó-30
Ñó-30ÌÊ
Ñó-30ÌÊÈ
Ñó-30ÌÊÊ
Ñó-30ÌÊÊ2
Ñó-30ÌÊÌ
Ñó-30ÌÊ2
|
