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Prospective bomber. T-6BM, T-60 T-60C, the object 54, facility 54C.
The index "object 54" can be deciphered as follows: 5 - the fifth generation, the nineties. 4 - the first flight in 1994.
Fragment from the book "The Battle for speed" Valery Avgustinovich
Was the "Soviet stealth"? Yes,
it was, but only at the stage of experimental work - then do not
have time: started the so-called "reconstruction." Chief
designer of the "stealth" has been known NS Chernyak
in Sukhoi and it was a bad sign. NS Tcherniakov
unlucky: he was the chief designer at the stage of a closed
experimental work of the project's strategic cruise missile, "The
Tempest" at the Lavochkin Design Bureau to its conversion to the
space theme, then the chief designer of unique aircraft and closed
the T-4. The same fate
befell the "Soviet stealth", even though, like all projects of the
Sukhoi, the aircraft was innovative. It
was planned that this aircraft is almost "electric", ie with
a minimum of hydraulic and mechanical connections and the full
integration of electronic control systems for engine and aircraft. The
first copy of the aircraft have already begun to do in Novosibirsk. On
the dimension of this plane was much smaller than the American B-2,
ie "Soviet stealth" was
not a strategic bomber.
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When in the mid-seventies, President Carter's administration refused to fund the mass production of the new B-1A, manufacturers began vying with one another to offer their own versions of its low-cost replacement. In 1977 the firm General Dynamics offered a heavy modification of well-proven front-line bomber F-111 - FB-111H . Intended to equip a car engine F101 . The internal compartment can accommodate up to 12 missiles SRAM . But the new U.S. administration opted for an improved version of the B-1 - B-1B, so the project FB-111H has remained on paper.
The domestic counterpart, the front-line bomber Su-24 was almost after-after his American brother. In the early eighties in OKB "Dry" were working on a new modification of the Su-24 - Su-24BM (much changed) with AL-31F engines. Under the direction of VF Marova was developed conceptual design, built full-scale mock aircraft. Draft project was successfully defended before the commission the Air Force. But in the early eighties Simonov made the transfer of work on "Bombers-90" from TsAGI EDO "pendant" (Pilot Plant for the Sukhoi Design Bureau), where the topic began to press the Su-24BM project, already advancing difficult. Then supporters of the Su-24 was launched audacious step - variable geometry wing Su-24BM has been replaced by fixed consoles with the influx, the plane was dvuhkilevoe plumage and long-term electronic equipment taken from the T-60S project. It should be noted that the idea of a fixed-wing and was borrowed from firm-leader General Dynamics . In 1983 he built a full-sized model of the machine, but under pressure from Simon and Silaeva works were stopped with promises of speedy end of the T-60S design.
... In 1985, The variants of the Su-24 mm ("small upgrade.") The first - an increase of 2,000 kg takeoff weight and flight range increased by installing new, more powerful and efficient turbofan AL-31F. The new plane is different from the additional air intake above the fuselage, which was due to increased air flow in the AL-31F. The second option is actively promoted by representatives of the Air Force. He called for an increase in flight distance from the overhead of conformal fuel tanks before it is used as the Americans on their F-16 (serial F-16 - approx.paralay ). One of the authors was the idea of VR Kovtun. However, the work on Su-24mm and not out of the stage design studies. Perhaps this was due to not quite good name of the machine: local wags unscrambled abbreviation "MM" as "stillborn monster." Another version - "Mu-mu" (the dog is known to be on the order of the ladies, too, was drowned.) Perhaps the reason was much more "pedestrian" - despite the fact that the Su-24M, unlike the Su-27IB, is capable of including "at supersonic speed" to perform low-altitude flight with rounding terrain, for EDB was more profitable to promote it soo -27IB, although the cost of operating even a conventional Su-27 is higher than the Su-24M ...
Finally stopping the development of the Su-24BM company serious about design "ninetieth Bomber" T-60C (object 54?).
Topic T-60 dates back to 1981 in the framework of the B-90 "Bomber ninetieth." The aircraft was designed for the installation of two engines P-79 (18500 kg), and later, P-179-300 or AL-41F (izd.20) with a thrust of 18,500 - 20,000 kgs.
At one time, AM Simonov, inspired by the success of the T-10S has insisted that as it developed the concept of a new bomber in TsAGI. High-class theorists "practical work" was a novelty.Using experience in strategic missile T-4MS, TsAGI was flooded with different project "miracles". Here is what Oleg Samoilovich in his book, "Near Dry" :
In late 1979 Simonov was promoted to
deputy minister of the aviation industry. Before
Ivanov every effort to keep this appointment. Despite
the fact that under the Simonov appointment he was able to negotiate
with Vladimir Kazakov appointing me as Chief Designer, he predicted
that if Simonov become the deputy minister, then we are coming CB in
the future tense times. I,
along with the plant director A. Ivanov Zazhigin tried to calm down,
assuring him that his fears are not unfounded. Unfortunately,
the human was Eugene A.. At
that time we were given a government decree another modification of
the Su-24 Su-24BM-called (BM - big modification). We
have developed a conceptual design and built full-scale mock
aircraft. This
development was led by leading designer VF Marova. Draft
project was successfully defended before the commission the Air
Force, and the act of acceptance of draft design and layout approved
by the Air Force Commander P. Kutahovym. There
was only a matching signature Aviation Industry Minister Igor
Silaeva. It was then, and
interfered Simonov. He
managed to convince the Minister that the Su-24BM - that yesterday,
and we need to make an entirely new plane. So
at the urging of Simon's theme-24BM Su was closed. When
did it happen, P. Kutakhov was furious. He
came to our firm with MN Misha. Ivanov
was not, he was detained somewhere. Commander
in Chief and I took Simonov. Simonov
began Kutahovu report itself. He
became angry, stood up and said that he is nothing more to do - he
approved the act of protection of preliminary design and layout of
the Su-24BM, and MAP must begin to build this airplane, and not
offer anything new. Simonov
ran on "Kremlevka" ask for help from Silaeva. The
Minister said that immediately come to stay and asked Kutahova. The
conflict has been extinguished, but the Su-24BM was never built. After
becoming deputy minister, Mikhail Simonov, advanced the idea that
all new aircraft designs to be developed at TsAGI, and KB shall
implement these projects. As
a "guinea pig" has been selected our size. This
is understandable, because all the other Generals would give
designers instant "turn on the gate." Such
a project under the designation T-60 with a report on carrying out
model tests in wind tunnels TsAGI was handed to us in 1981, and KB
started work on it (Chief Designer N. Chernyak, a leading designer
of Project VF Marov). Interestingly,
this development is almost completely copied the design of our
aircraft is the T-4MS, with the exception of two new and completely
absurd solutions. First -
it's rotating cleaning wing panels completely under the fuselage
without taking into account the actual deformation of the wing. By
offering such "experts" from TsAGI found a complete lack of
understanding of their structure. The
second - is the application engine with a variable-bypass on the
basis of the so-called "twin-tube" of the engine.And in this case
stupidity "was lying on the surface," but for all senior management
was presented as our Soviet breakthrough in aviation technology. Moreover,
that this engine was created in CB PA Kolosov and passed the test
bench. It does not take
into account only two things: how this engine is "fit" into the
plane, and what will be output performance specifications. After
careful consideration of the report of the TsAGI model airplane
blowing in the tubes of T-106, T 112 and T-113, I was able to reject
the arrangement. It
turned out that the results of purging are listed in the final
reports were falsified: chart change of focus on the number of M
starting point of reference of the center of gravity of the aircraft
was moved up by 3%. I
immediately went to the chief of 10th branch of TsAGI LM Shkadov and
pointed to the discrepancy. In
response Shkadov with a smile said: "Oleg, 3% is a trifle." Yes,
a trifle, if you do not mind what it is allocated. And
because it was related to the total length of the plane, equal to 40
m, the three per cent is the change of the center of gravity of the
aircraft at 1,200 mm. And
it is meant that the layout of the aircraft must be carried out
again. I am officially,
in writing, TsAGI back their recommendations and asked for
refinements. There was no
answer. The epic of the
T-60 - not only planted Simonov "pig." On
his initiative to us in these years was assigned to develop a
bicycle, washing machines, machines for packaging of powdered sugar.
Under the leadership of Samoilovich, now the T-60C, has become a single mode the aircraft is capable of burst to the target at high cruising speed and altitude. The appearance of this machine is similar to the TIR 70.1 KB MiG, but apart from this intercept, T-60S is equipped with an integrated radar systems, "Predator." The four compartments are 4 winged long-range missiles X-55. It is also possible external suspension. Emphasis was placed on reducing visibility and increasing aerodynamic aircraft, which generally led to a record distance of 11,000 km. Onboard equipment developed under this theme was later used on the Su-34.
New people took responsibility for the theme of "B-90", of course completely redrew the project. After receiving the index of "object 54C" new machine has absorbed the best of the predecessors of found solutions. Keeping the pattern of "tailless" (at maximum sweep the movable part) "the object of 54C" has got a variable sweep wing and lost a certain proportion of multi-mode stealth received in return, it is possible to effectively fly as high and low altitude.Probably envisaged the possibility of equipping the machine prospective missile now known as X-555 and H-101/102. Intended to equip the "object 54C" fashionable at the moment "chip" active self-defense system consisting of radar and rearview R-73 missiles, which were placed in a compartment of the load along with cruise missiles. Shape similar to an airplane suddenly announced at that time the F-117 became more angular.
Vadim Lukashevich about the history of the "object 54".
... I came to the branch of the Sukhoi Design Bureau in 1985 this was a serial plant, and virtually every modification in one form or another was in the series. But when I moved to Moscow at the head office, I was simply amazed at the number of detailed projects which go into the basket. The impression was that "fires" only one fifth to tenth draft. I remember the cautious words of the Chief on "Object 54" (our unique bomber-Stealth) at a meeting: "If we can roll out the car ..." Not "when the car starts to fly," not "when we construct the airplane," not "when the product goes into combat units," namely, "if we can roll out" of the hangar. By the way about the "object 54" - and "not rolled out" ... This is an amazing machine, an American B-2 just "resting", and still, after all, in 10-15 years (I retired from the "Dry" in 1992), on the plane - there was not a stitch! Or another example. Before designing the well-known today, the aircraft with forward-swept p.37 "Berkut" (in the working drawings, he was called the Su-27 km, which in itself speaks volumes), a project of a full (!) A set of working documents of an experienced single-engine airplane with a wing forwardswept C-22 (from other information on C-22 - precursor S.32/37, two-engine "duck" - a comment. paralay ) . And one of the ceremonial meetings (on some anniversary) General Mikhail Petrovich Simonov, listing achievements of EDB during the reporting period, so straight and said: "I fully completed the design with the launch of a basket of the working documentation of supersonic aircraft, equipped with forward-swept wing with. These work allowed to gain experience and allow us to move on. " And in his work, and dealing with related departments, I often had to deal with the complete apathy of designers to any product - "yes it is still working on the cart ..." Although these were in fact "sweetie"! In addition to the aforementioned "object 54" can be called a working draft of a supersonic ground attack, carried out in a "duck" - Su-37 (Chief Designer - Babak) to replace the Su-25.
... When I worked in the bureau, "Dry," then went on several projects in parallel: - Su-37 (supersonic bomber in a "duck." It looked like the Swedish "flu", which is constantly poked in all of the NTS. But the car was just a feast for the eyes!) - "Object 54"; - Su-27km (later C-32, now known as p.37, "Golden Eagle"); - Su-27B (the current Su-32). So I once asked Antonov (then, in the early 1990s, he was Deputy Head of Department 100, who at least somewhat familiar with the Sukhoi Design Bureau, knows the role of Antonov Design Bureau in all operations the past 30 years) of the machines' object 54 'and Su-27 km, he said: "The 27km is a good plane, which in the design process tends to be just a good airplane. A" object 54 "- this is a very good plane, which is due to the latest customer requirements drifts from a very good to just a good plane, but we resist it! " Who knows - Antonov Bondarenko with "tying" the T-10 (Su-27), and it is the actual author and the father not only of all modifications of the Su-27, but of all elaborations in the last 30 years of Prohibition. In order to understand its scale of assessments, I can say - the Su-27 (T-10C) - this is very good, but for example, heavier naval Su-27K - just a good airplane. In the Sukhoi Design Bureau Antonov - unquestioned authority, so when he described "the object of 54" as a very good, it means that it is a unique, landmark aircraft. As for the Su-32, which supposedly replaced the "object 54", the one thing completely new, specialized and optimized to the target plane, and another - cheaper modification under similar problem the previous generation of aircraft ...
According to the Overscan , as part of holding "Leninist" in 1987, developed an integrated set of on-board "Predator" B004, and later installed on the Su-34. Information from PFAR forward looking radar rearview IR - systems, TV - systems, complex electronic countermeasures, and communication channels and processed by the computer in a digestible form is displayed on a widescreen monitor in the cockpit. The system is fully automated. Forward-looking radar can detect a small ground target at a distance of 30 km, the aerial target class "fighter" at a distance of 90 km, the largest radio-purpose - 250 km. The wavelength of 3 cm, the peak power of 14 kW. Weight Antenna - 150 lbs., A sector of 120 degrees.
... Each of these projects, T-6BM, "Object 54" and "object 54C" tried to start a series at the Novosibirsk aviation plant. In 1985 the factory had been built stand the fuel system and a few booths "object 54" for testing of other systems. Later, the project is closed, and the stands are dismantled.
Subject: "object 54" has been discontinued by order of Yeltsin in 1992. Officially, its failure was presented as yet another peace initiative in the negotiation of arms control ...
... In 1994, during zhutchayshey collapse, inflation and depression is to launch a new project "object 54C." The configuration is similar to the nose of the figure c60.gif , tail on t54.gif . In plan cleaning rotary wing panels almost completely under the fuselage in the retracted position, in terms of the console form a single surface with a stabilizer. Air intakes on the upper surface of the fuselage. Nozzles - flat, with thrust reversers. Rod refueling evolved parallelogram front cabin and a fully closed doors. Radioabsorbing provided coverage. During 1994 - 1995 years passed the design and start-up stands: the fuel system, "Marabou" - the forward fuselage (under the code "Marabou" system design was carried out so-called "plasma stealth" - paralay) , a flat nozzle. At the plant was lofting linking, preparation of production. Against the background of the factory, and after the general tuning of poverty, a painful run of Su-34, it all looked ridiculous last vain attempts of the former Soviet aircraft industry might ... (It should be noted that at about the same time, an aircraft factory "Sokol" launches the MiG 1.42. Perhaps these facts are due to one reason - paralay ) In 1985 he published one of the first options for prospective fighter ATF, Peter Bytovskim presented pictures of T-60C almost mimicking this variant of ATF .
Based on the above it follows that the prototype "object 54C" yet begun construction at the Novosibirsk aviation plant and possibly waiting in the wings when it becomes if not the bomber but at least "prototype". The problem is compounded only by the lack of engines AL-41F (izd.20) whose development was discontinued in the early nineties.
Projected performance long-range bomber "object 54C": length
36.0 m range 22.0 - 31.6
mWing area 330 sq ft wing
loading 265 - 297 kg / m
Top view of 343.5 m / 346.2 sq ft (small sweep) Side view of 72 sq. m Front view of 22 sq. m. Volume 164 cu m
Fuel system:
Tank number 1 (influx) 21.95 x 8.17 x 2.87 = 8 cubic meters x 2 = 16 cubic meters Tank number 2 (above the niche chassis) 2.6 x 3.4 x 1.26 = 3.13 cubic meter x 2 = 6.25 cubic meters Tank number 3 (between engines) 5.0 x 10 x 1.93 = 4.59 cubic meter x 2 = 9.17 cubic meters Tank number 4 (under the keels) 9.3 x 3.1 x 1.0 = 3.1 cubic meters x 2 = 6.2 cubic meters Tank number 5 (wing) 19.34 x 3 x 1 = 3.87 cubic meter x 2 = 7.74 m³
The total volume of 16 + 6.25 + 9.17 + 6.2 + 7.74 = 45.36 cubic meters Weight of fuel (at least) 45.36 cubic meters x 785 kg / cu. = 35 600 kg
traction engines F 79 M - 300:
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The original aerodynamic configuration tried to introduce Tupolev engineers, developing a promising replacement for the bomber Tu-22M3:
"... In 1972, the bureau asked for naval aviation radically modernize the Tu-22M. The project was designated as" 45M. "Planned to equip the car with two engines NK-25. Its aerodynamic design reminiscent of an American reconnaissance SR-71. Strike weapons - two UR X-45. Further technical proposal of work, "45M" does not go, because it was not the modernization and the creation of a new aircraft against which strongly objected to guide the production plant. "
Later, something similar happened to and from the pen of the Sukhoi design bureau, though in somewhat reduced form. The Journal Aerospace Review published a photograph of a model aircraft, apparently based on studies for "45M", "object 54C" and Su-34. His alleged characteristics:
length 5.25 m range 18.5 - 23.4 m wing area 68 sq.m Weight: Maximum 62 500 kg 30 000 kg empty fuel 22 500 kg load 10 000 kg traction engines AL-31F: afterburning 12 500 kg - 13600 kg Maximum 7600 kg Speed: maximum 2,100 km / h Range: subsonic 8,000 km
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17.07.2011
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The development of the line "B-90"
nozzle An "object 54C"
speculations
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13 June 2005 |
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